游憩者场所依恋与恢复性知觉关系研究——以福州城市公园为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.07.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

场所依恋能够有效影响城市公园游憩者的态度、行为意向以及对环境的感知。根据已有的研究结果,从环境心理学和游憩者感知的角度,以福州8个城市公园为例,测量了8个公园游憩者的场所依恋和环境恢复性知觉,通过构建结构方程模型探讨了游憩者场所依恋与环境恢复性知觉的关系。结果表明：①城市公园游憩者的场所依恋由场所依赖和场所认同两个维度构成;②场所依赖对场所认同有显著正向影响（影响系数为0.89）;③场所依赖对环境恢复性知觉的直接影响不显著,场所认同对环境恢复性知觉有显著正向影响（影响系数为0.90）,场所依赖主要通过场所认同的中介作用对环境恢复性知觉产生间接影响。因而,城市公园的管理规划者应注重城市公园的服务功能,加强管理,不断地提高服务水平以提高游憩者的场所依赖,同时,也要注意地域性景观营造和文化历史传承以提高游憩者的场所认同,最终提高城市公园的恢复性效益。

关键词: 场所依恋, 场所依赖, 场所认同, 恢复性知觉, 城市公园, 福州

Abstract:

Place attachment can affect attitudes,behavior and restorative perception. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between place attachment and restorative perception. Based on previous research,we measured tourists' place attachment and restorative perception for eight urban parks and conducted an association study between place attachment and restoration perception by building a structural equation model using environmental psychology and cognition of tourists. We found that tourists' place attachment is composed of two dimensions：place dependence and place identity. Place dependence has a positive influence on place identity. The direct effect of place dependence on restoration perception is not significant,however,place identify has a positive influence on restoration perception and place dependence can affect tourists' restorative perception via the role of place identify as a mediator. These data are a reference for managers and designers of urban parks. In conclusion,place attachment should be considered an important factor in the design of urban parks. The managers and designers of urban parks should attach much importance to improving the service and satisfying tourists' needs to strengthen place dependence. The local characteristics and local history are also important in urban park planning and design for they strengthen the sense of tourists' place identify. Urban parks can be more attractive to city residents and play an important role in human health and well-being.

Key words: place attachment, place dependence, place identify, restorative perception, urban parks, Fuzhou City

刘群阅, 尤达, 朱里莹, 王亚蕾, 黄启堂, 兰思仁. 游憩者场所依恋与恢复性知觉关系研究——以福州城市公园为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(7): 1303-1313.

Qunyue LIU, Da YOU, Liying ZHU, Yalei WANG, Qitang HUANG, Siren LAN. The relationship between place attachment and restorative perception of tourists visiting Fuzhou urban parks[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(7): 1303-1313.

图/表 6

图1

表1

观测变量及其均值（n=435）"

测量维度	测试题项	均值	标准差	单项与总和* 相关系数	克朗巴哈 α系数
场所依恋
场所依赖	A1这个公园是最适合我休闲放松的地方	4.75	1.421	0.798	0.878
	A2这个公园的游憩环境是其他公园所不能比的	4.88	1.321	0.799
	A3在这个公园进行游憩活动比在其它公园更满意	4.98	1.203	0.773
	A4虽然在其它公园也可以进行活动,但这个公园更适合	4.94	1.288	0.772
	A5在这个公园的游憩活动,不愿在其它公园进行	4.88	1.229	0.733
场所认同	B1我觉得这个公园已经成为我生命的一部分	4.96	1.288	0.674	0.834
	B2这个公园对我有特殊意义	5.07	1.274	0.699
	B3我很认同公园里的环境	4.86	1.221	0.787
	B4我很留恋这个公园	4.99	1.214	0.804
	B5在公园里的经历丰富了我对自己的认识	4.63	1.328	0.676
恢复性知觉
远离	C1这个公园可以带给我一种脱离世俗的体验	4.70	1.262	0.775	0.896
	C2这个公园可以让我脱离一成不变的日常生活而得到休息	4.83	1.238	0.790
	C3这个公园是一个可以让我完全休息的地方	4.57	1.287	0.764
	C4这个公园中的环境可以帮助我放松紧绷的心情	4.88	1.205	0.722
	C5在这个公园中,我感觉到不受工作及日常生活的拘束	4.81	1.198	0.761
延展性	C6在公园中我觉得周围的景物是协调的	4.91	1.129	0.707	0.851
	C7我对于公园中看不见的景观感到相当好奇	4.81	1.256	0.709
	C8这个公园的景观可以使我延伸出许多美好的联想	4.97	1.178	0.762
	C9这个公园中景观的组成元素是相配的	4.89	1.105	0.737
魅力性	C10这个公园中的环境具有吸引人的特质	4.90	1.111	0.723	0.821
	C11这个公园的环境可吸引我进行更多的探索与发现	4.84	1.170	0.759
	C12这个公园的环境是有魅力的	5.01	1.151	0.719
	C13我会想要花更多的时间在这个公园中逗留	4.91	1.149	0.724
兼容性	C14在这个公园中,我可以做我喜欢做的事情	4.87	1.229	0.734	0.874
	C15我可以很快地适应这个公园的环境	4.99	1.160	0.712
	C16我感觉我已经和这个公园融为一体	4.65	1.263	0.738
	C17我可以在这个公园中找到自得其乐的方法	4.85	1.251	0.784
	C18在这个公园中,很适合做我喜欢做的事情	4.79	1.194	0.750

表1

表2

表3

表4

图2

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拟合指标	χ²/df	GFI	RMSEA	IFI	NFI	CFI	TLI
理想数值	[1,3]（宽松值 [1,5]）	≥0.900	<0.100	≥0.900	≥0.900	≥0.900	≥0.900
场所依赖测量模型	5.234	0.963	0.108	0.966	0.962	0.966	0.932
评价结果	接近适配	适配	接近适配	适配	适配	适配	适配
场所认同测量模型	1.896	0.992	0.045	0.994	0.988	0.994	0.989
评价结果	适配	适配	适配	适配	适配	适配	适配
恢复性知觉测量模型	4.629	0.869	0.091	0.912	0.890	0.911	0.895
评价结果	适配	接近适配	适配	适配	接近适配	适配	接近适配

变量	标准化因子负荷	t值	平方复相关系数	标准误	组合信度（CR）	平均变异抽取量（AVE）
场所依恋
场所依赖（A）					0.880	0.594
A1	0.79		0.619
A2	0.79	17.540	0.625	0.053
A3	0.78	17.250	0.608	0.049
A4	0.78	17.140	0.602	0.052
A5	0.65	15.440	0.506	0.051
场所认同（B）					0.841	0.516
B1	0.62		0.382
B2	0.68	11.650	0.459	0.093
B3	0.80	13.070	0.633	0.093
B4	0.82	13.350	0.675	0.094
B5	0.65	11.340	0.428	0.096
恢复性知觉（C）
远离					0.895	0.631
C1	0.82		0.669
C2	0.82	19.688	0.670	0.050
C3	0.79	18.859	0.630	0.052
C4	0.75	17.543	0.567	0.050
C5	0.79	18.744	0.534	0.049
延展性					0.852	0.590
C6	0.73		0.562
C7	0.75	15.114	0.656	0.076
C8	0.81	16.356	0.605	0.071
C9	0.78	15.700	0.551	0.066
魅力性					0.827	0.545
C10	0.74		0.609
C11	0.78	16.336	0.530	0.068
C12	0.73	15.159	0.486	0.067
C13	0.70	14.469	0.575	0.067
兼容性					0.876	0.586
C14	0.76		0.499
C15	0.71	14.941	0.540	0.059
C16	0.73	15.619	0.690	0.064
C17	0.83	17.957	0.624	0.062
C18	0.79	16.961	0.625	0.060

拟合指标	χ²/df	GFI	RMSEA	IFI	NFI	CFI	TLI
修正前结构模型M1	3.493	0.922	0.076	0.956	0.939	0.956	0.946
修正后结构模型M2	3.447	0.922	0.075	0.956	0.939	0.956	0.947