森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善的感知研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.06.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深度挖掘森林资源的保健价值,发展森林保健旅游,有助于改善城市居民的亚健康状态。选取海南尖峰岭、湖南大围山和江西庐山的过夜旅游者为研究对象,在构建森林保健旅游体验量表和森林保健功效感知量表的基础上,对301份正式调研数据进行信度和效度分析、验证性因子分析,发现森林保健旅游的三大体验要素是自然景观、生态环境、保健设施,森林保健旅游的三大保健功效为身体健康恢复、心理状态调整、社会关系改善。以健康状态作为调节变量进行多群组结构方程模型拟合检验,发现健康旅游者对“生态环境体验→身体健康恢复”、“保健设施体验→社会关系改善”两条路径感知显著,亚健康旅游者对“自然景观体验→身体健康恢复”、“自然景观体验→心理状态调整”、“自然景观体验→社会关系改善”、“生态环境体验→身体健康恢复、生态环境体验→心理状态调整”、“生态环境体验→社会关系改善”、“保健设施体验→身体健康恢复”七条路径感知显著,健康状态的调节效应得到部分证实。基于此,提出了三点森林保健旅游管理启示。

关键词: 森林保健旅游, 森林保健功效, 亚健康, 多群组分析, 游客体验

Abstract:

Sub-health is a state between healthiness and disease,and can deteriorate to disease if people ignore it. Forest healthcare tourism is a hot issue amongst academic circles and professionals that refers to providing recreational and healthcare activities for tourists. Making full use of forest resources to develop forest healthcare tourism can not only satisfy the needs of sightseeing and vacation but also remove the sub-healthy syndrome of urban residents. We selected vacation areas in Mount Jianfengling,Mount Daweishan and Mount Lushan as study areas,then we constructed a forest healthcare tourism experience scale and forest health perceived efficacy scale. We collected 311 questionnaires from July12^th~13^th,August 15^th~17^th and 22^th~24^th in 2014. Using data reliability analysis,exploratory factor analysis,confirmatory factor analysis,we found that the three major experiential elements of forest healthcare tourism are natural landscape,ecological environment and healthcare facilities. The three major health benefits are recovery of body,adjustment of psychological state and improving of social relationship. Using multi-group structural equation model fitting test, we found that healthy tourists have significant perceptions on “Ecological environment experience → Physical health recovery”、“Healthcare facilities experience → Interpersonal relationship improvement,sub-healthy tourists have significant perceptions on seven paths,“Natural landscape experience → Physical health recovery”,“Natural landscape experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Natural landscape experience improvement → Interpersonal relationship”,“Ecological environment experience → Physical health recovery”,“Ecological environment experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Ecological environment experience → Psychological state Adjustment”,“Ecological environment experience → Interpersonal relationship improvement”, “Healthcare facilities experience → Physical health recovery”, moderating effect was partly supported. Based on these,three management implications for forest healthcare tourism are discussed.

Key words: forest healthcare tourism, forest healthcare effect, sub-health, multiple-group analysis, tourist experience

郑群明, 刘嘉, 朱岩, 钟林生. 森林保健旅游对游客亚健康改善的感知研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(6): 1171-1181.

Qunming ZHENG, Jia LIU, Yan ZHU, Linsheng ZHONG. Perception on the sub-health improvement of tourists by forest healthcare tourism[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(6): 1171-1181.

图/表 8

图1

表1

森林保健旅游体验和森林保健功效感知的维度、测量项目"

维度	测量项目	均值		总样本标准差
维度	测量项目	健康旅游者	亚健康旅游者	总样本标准差
F1森林自然景观体验	Q1类型多样的生物物种景致宜人	4.30	4.49	0.752
	Q2形态优美的水域风光秀丽动人	4.31	4.52	0.733
	Q3丰富多彩的气象景观悦目娱心	4.21	4.55	0.749
	Q4造型独特的地文景观赏心悦目	4.01	4.52	0.820
F2森林生态环境体验	Q5清新的空气让我感到心旷神怡	4.62	4.67	0.678
	Q6植物散发的芳香气味令我神清气爽	4.38	4.25	0.719
	Q7大自然的声音听起来轻快悦耳	4.31	4.30	0.770
	Q8幽静的森林环境让我放松	4.55	4.58	0.708
	Q9森林中的光照强度适宜	4.30	4.42	0.748
	Q10森林光照环境形成良好的氛围	4.19	4.23	0.733
	Q11森林小气候舒适宜人	4.43	4.62	0.769
F3森林保健设施体验	Q12生态解说牌的内容生动易懂	3.83	3.90	0.828
	Q13休闲娱乐设施让我更好地感受森林	3.66	4.21	0.799
	Q14运动健身设施让我得到充分的锻炼	3.64	4.23	0.930
F4身体健康恢复感知	Q15我的睡眠质量和就餐食欲得到改善	4.05	4.08	0.800
	Q16我的感官（视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉、触觉）得到调节	3.86	4.16	0.842
	Q17我感觉心跳和呼吸更加平稳	3.84	3.98	0.815
	Q18我的精力得到了恢复	4.01	4.24	0.818
	Q19我的头晕得到了缓解	3.67	3.48	0.879
F5心理状态调整感知	Q20我的情绪更加平稳了	3.83	3.87	0.816
	Q21我的心理压力减轻了	3.71	3.69	0.811
	Q22我从内心感到愉悦	4.05	4.31	0.806
	Q23我感到更加自信了	3.71	3.74	0.818
F6社会关系改善感知	Q24这次旅行中我和亲友的关系更加紧密了	4.02	4.24	0.859
	Q25这次旅行中我结交了新的朋友	3.97	4.30	0.844
	Q26这次旅行后我能更好地处理我的人际关系	4.15	4.13	0.850
	Q27这次旅行后我能更好地平衡工作和生活	4.02	4.16	0.862

表1

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表3

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表5

表6

图2

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量表名称	Cronbach' s α	维度	Cronbach' s α	组合信度	KMO	Bartlett' s 检验/显著性
森林保健旅游	0.925	F1 森林自然景观体验	0.862	0.915	0.797	558.970/0.000
体验评测量表		F2 森林生态环境体验	0.898	0.943	0.908	1 083.592/0.000
		F3 森林保健设施体验	0.839	0.884	0.699	385.872/0.000
森林保健功效	0.875	F4 身体健康恢复感知	0.750	0.813	0.796	299.896/0.000
感知评测量表		F5 心理状态调整感知	0.822	0.877	0.789	422.715/0.000
		F6 社会关系改善感知	0.818	0.861	0.801	395.374/0.000

拟合指标	χ²/df	RMR	RMSEA	GFI	NFI	IFI	CFI	PGFI
森林保健旅游体验	2.420	0.031	0.069	0.924	0.928	0.956	0.956	0.651
森林保健功效感知	1.765	0.029	0.050	0.945	0.924	0.966	0.965	0.644
参考值	<3.000	<0.050	<0.080	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.500

拟合指标	χ²/df	RMR	RMSEA	GFI	AGFI	NFI	IFI	CFI	PGFI
初始模型	1.740	0.036	0.500	0.880	0.855	0.879	0.945	0.944	0.726
修正模型	1.160	0.023	0.023	0.925	0.903	0.925	0.989	0.989	0.710
参考值	<3.000	<0.050	<0.080	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	>0.500

假设路径	Estimate	S.E.	C.R.	P
H1a:自然景观体验→身体健康恢复	0.349	0.101	3.468	***
H1b:自然景观体验→心理状态调整	0.246	0.135	1.814	0.070
H1c:自然景观体验→社会关系改善	0.328	0.112	2.937	0.003
H2a:生态环境体验→身体健康恢复	0.315	0.094	3.366	***
H2b:生态环境体验→心理状态调整	0.639	0.131	4.864	***
H2c:生态环境体验→社会关系改善	0.519	0.108	4.825	***
H3a:保健设施体验→身体健康恢复	0.184	0.084	2.195	0.028
H3b:保健设施体验→心理状态调整	-0.054	0.121	-0.441	0.659
H3c:保健设施体验→社会关系改善	0.219	0.094	2.326	0.020

路径	Estimate		S.E.		C.R.		P
路径	健康旅游者	亚健康旅游者	健康旅游者	亚健康旅游者	健康旅游者	亚健康旅游者	健康旅游者	亚健康旅游者
H4a:自然景观体验→身体健康恢复	0.044	0.442	0.310	0.123	0.143	3.593	0.886	***
H4b:自然景观体验→心理状态调整	-0.196	0.375	0.395	0.162	-0.495	2.321	0.620	0.020
H4c:自然景观体验→社会关系改善	0.050	0.475	0.283	0.145	0.178	3.283	0.859	**
H4d:生态环境体验→身体健康恢复	0.829	0.211	0.414	0.099	2.005	2.136	0.045	0.033
H4e:生态环境体验→心理状态调整	1.017	0.590	0.551	0.143	1.843	4.128	0.065	***
H4f:生态环境体验→社会关系改善	0.381	0.563	0.372	0.126	1.025	4.460	0.305	***
H4g:保健设施体验→身体健康恢复	-0.035	0.248	0.147	0.095	-0.241	2.614	0.810	**
H4h:保健设施体验→心理状态调整	-0.023	-0.030	0.210	0.139	-0.110	-0.214	0.912	0.830
H4i:保健设施体验→社会关系改善	0.471	0.042	0.151	0.110	3.118	0.386	0.002	0.699