基于费用区间法的辽宁省滨海湿地休闲旅游价值评估

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.06.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

湿地的休闲旅游服务功能不仅能为游客提供环境教育、视觉享受的场所,而且旅游的收入能为湿地资源保护和区域的可持续发展提供资金,因此对滨海湿地的休闲旅游价值进行科学地评估和量化具有较高的实践意义和应用价值。为了获得辽宁省2014年滨海湿地休闲旅游服务功能的总价值,本文以辽宁省6个典型滨海湿地:盘锦红海滩湿地、锦州凌河口湿地、大连斑海豹湿地、丹东鸭绿江口湿地、葫芦岛龙湾滨海湿地和营口西炮台湿地为代表,采用旅行费用区间法（Travel Cost Interval Analysis,简称TCIA）核算旅行费用（包括旅行费用支出和旅行时间成本）和消费者剩余两方面的价值,计算出每个典型滨海湿地单位面积的休闲旅游价值,再根据辽宁省沿海6市的滨海湿地总面积,最终对辽宁省滨海湿地休闲旅游总价值进行评估。结果表明:2014年辽宁省滨海湿地休闲旅游总价值为201.84亿元。其中,大连的滨海湿地休闲旅游价值最高,为85.70亿元,占全省滨海湿地旅游价值的42.46%;盘锦、葫芦岛、营口、丹东的值依次减小,分别为29.03亿元、27.49亿元、25.48亿元、20.94亿元;锦州的滨海湿地休闲旅游价值为最低,为13.20亿元,仅占全省滨海湿地休闲旅游价值的6.54%。评估结果可作为辽宁省滨海湿地旅游区的资源开发、环境保护和决策管理的重要依据。

关键词: 费用区间法, 滨海湿地, 休闲旅游价值, 辽宁省

Abstract:

Wetland leisure tourism refers to a series of recreational behaviors among residents,tourists and wetland landscape resources resulting in obvious economic,social and ecological benefits. Coastal wetlands have relatively unique functions in bird watching,ornamental plants,natural estuary geomorphology and environmental education,so leisure tourism is an important function of coastal wetlands. The Travel Costs Interval Analysis （TCIA）is a popular value evaluation method widely applied in the tourist destination （resources）of leisure tourism value evaluation. Here,we look at six typical coastal wetlands （Honghaitan Wetland in Panjin,Linghekou Wetland in Jinzhou,Banhaibao Wetland in Dalian,Yalvjiang estuary Wetland in Dandong,Longwan Wetland in Huludao,Xipaotai Wetland in Yingkou）and used TCIA to evaluate the unit area value of leisure tourism of every coastal wetland （travel cost,travel time cost and consumer surplus）. We multiplied each city's coastal wetland area to calculate the total leisure tourism value of coastal wetlands in Liaoning. We found that the value of leisure tourism of coastal wetlands in Liaoning was 20.184 billion CNY,among which,the value leisure tourism of coastal wetlands in the city of Dalian was 8.570 billion CNY,accounting for 42.46% of the total tourism value of all coastal wetlands. Dalian was followed by Panjin （2.903 billion CNY）,Huludao （2.749 billion CNY）,Yingkou （2.548 billion CNY）and Dandong （2.094 billion CNY）. The value in Jinzhou was the lowest,accounting for only 6.54% （1.320 billion CNY）of total tourism value. These results can be used as an important basis for decisions on coastal wetland tourism resource development and environmental protection in Liaoning Province.

Key words: travel cost interval analysis, coastal wetlands, leisure tourism value, Liaoning Province

孙宝娣, 崔丽娟, 李伟, 康晓明, 张曼胤, 潘旭, 平云梅. 基于费用区间法的辽宁省滨海湿地休闲旅游价值评估[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(6): 1160-1170.

Baodi SUN, Lijuan CUI, Wei LI, Xiaoming KANG, Manyin ZHANG, Xu PAN, Yunmei PING. Evaluation on leisure tourism in coastal wetlands in Liaoning Province based on travel cost interval analysis[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(6): 1160-1170.

图/表 8

图1

表1

表2

各调研点湿地游客样本旅行费用分区结果"

	红海滩湿地		凌河口湿地		斑海豹湿地		鸭绿江口湿地		龙湾滨海湿地		西炮台湿地
$[C i ， C i + 1]$ 元	N_i	M_i	N_i	M_i	N_i	M_i	N_i	M_i	N_i	M_i	N_i	M_i
0~100	53	482.63	43	439.82	44	456.67	58	528.92	41	626.54	49	581.08
100~300	41	549.30	45	568.19	51	609.16	52	594.16	36	876.14	54	693.24
300~500	55	828.09	63	870.23	58	880.23	57	749.20	68	1 078.93	58	972.29
500~1 000	70	1 099.30	49	988.86	48	1 089.78	65	1 103.25	52	1 267.01	71	1 261.20
1 000~2 000	62	1 757.19	58	1 440.48	39	1 302.30	35	1 829.72	39	1 684.27	39	1 580.48
2 000~3 000	35	1 964.09	37	1 911.62	36	1 737.56	35	2 634.16	36	2 271.38	33	2 078.63
3 000+	32	2 847.77	31	2 834.50	32	2 926.09	26	2 917.30	32	2 732.40	28	2 481.40

表2

表3

各调研点湿地总旅行费用中时间成本和费用支出组成分析"

$[C i ， C i + 1]$	红海滩湿地					凌河口湿地
	区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出		区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出
	区间总旅行费用	路上时间	滞留时间		交通费用	额外费用	路上时间	滞留时间	交通费用	额外费用
0~100	482.63	29.05	250.36	68.30	134.92	439.82	34.92	211.10	78.33	115.47
100~300	549.30	24.98	198.18	171.88	154.27	568.19	46.95	158.38	115.92	246.94
300~500	828.09	62.33	240.59	208.82	316.36	870.23	76.36	268.03	221.70	304.14
500~1 000	1 099.30	99.04	252.19	337.36	410.71	988.86	103.27	297.06	236.02	352.51
1 000~2 000	1 757.19	147.10	488.99	448.52	672.58	1 440.48	116.22	446.71	351.90	525.65
2 000~3 000	1 964.09	121.95	360.38	520.00	961.76	1 911.62	148.51	470.91	329.60	962.60
3 000+	2 847.77	233.19	262.81	1 146.77	1 205.00	2 834.50	328.79	630.35	670.66	1 204.70
合计	9 528.38	717.63	2 053.49	2 901.65	3 855.61	9 053.70	855.02	2 482.54	2 004.13	3 712.01
$[C i ， C i + 1]$	斑海豹湿地					鸭绿江口湿地
	区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出		区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出
	区间总旅行费用	路上时间	滞留时间		交通费用	额外费用	路上时间	滞留时间	交通费用	额外费用
0~100	456.67	39.02	131.83	95.23	190.59	528.92	53.09	187.04	101.70	187.09
100~300	609.16	85.24	171.04	108.31	244.57	594.16	61.22	173.49	137.02	222.43
300~500	880.23	120.49	237.36	184.77	337.61	749.20	132.76	204.21	175.09	237.14
500~1 000	1 089.78	116.03	289.54	205.31	478.90	1 103.25	183.55	273.22	217.02	429.46
1 000~2 000	1 302.30	183.06	307.20	281.30	530.74	1 829.72	281.02	379.74	433.11	735.85
2 000~3 000	1 737.56	269.20	470.11	326.76	671.49	2 634.16	417.90	583.25	795.33	837.68
3 000+	2 926.09	448.05	644.92	751.33	1 081.79	2 917.30	481.30	672.93	845.66	917.41
合计	9 001.79	1 261.09	2 252.00	1 953.01	3 535.69	10 356.71	1 610.84	2 473.88	2 704.93	3 567.06
$[C i ， C i + 1]$	龙湾滨海湿地					西炮台湿地
	区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出		区间总旅行费用	时间成本		费用支出
	区间总旅行费用	路上时间	滞留时间		交通费用	额外费用	路上时间	滞留时间	交通费用	额外费用
0~100	626.54	64.86	188.33	145.73	227.62	581.08	48.26	172.32	116.03	244.47
100~300	876.14	82.03	206.11	282.31	305.69	693.24	74.41	180.03	127.42	311.38
300~500	1 078.93	166.21	244.92	315.02	352.78	972.29	121.71	204.33	183.92	462.33
500~1 000	1 267.01	221.19	288.32	374.83	382.67	1 261.20	162.82	216.39	301.73	580.26
1 000~2 000	1 684.27	216.81	492.91	482.14	492.41	1 580.48	254.87	381.75	378.26	565.60
2 000~3 000	2 271.38	319.22	601.43	669.72	681.01	2 078.63	278.43	409.19	503.86	887.15
3 000+	2 732.40	387.41	683.23	701.22	960.54	2 481.40	305.22	516.29	799.24	860.65
合计	10 536.67	1 457.73	2 705.25	2 970.97	3 402.72	9 648.32	1 245.72	2 080.30	2 410.46	3 911.84

表3

图2

表4

表5

表6

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省（市）	湿地旅游价值/亿元		旅游人数 /万人	湿地面积 /万hm²	单位价值 /（亿元/万hm²）	来源
省（市）	当年价值	CPI换算成2014年价值	旅游人数 /万人	湿地面积 /万hm²	单位价值 /（亿元/万hm²）	来源
辽宁	2.72	3.72	61.20	1.22	3.05	张华等^[24]
北京	21.80	25.60	6 240.00	4.81	5.32	陈云浩^[32]
山东	107.00	124.00	1 200.00	176.11	0.70	隋群^[33]
河北	27.10	29.20	-	94.19	0.31	刘庆博等^[34]
辽宁		201.84	-	71.31	2.83	本研究