不同管理模式下城镇道路绿地的生态系统服务价值和生态成本研究——以浙江省永嘉县为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.03.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城镇道路绿地是城镇绿地的重要组成部分,本文以浙江省永嘉县城镇道路绿化工程为案例,比较研究不同管理模式下城镇道路绿地的生态系统服务价值和生态成本。结果表明：生态化管理模式可以有效降低永嘉县城镇道路绿地的生态成本,该管理模式下永嘉县城镇道路绿地的生态系统服务净价值较常规管理模式高近50%。常规农业化管理模式下,永嘉县城镇道路绿地具有提供产品价值,其生态系统服务净价值较常规管理模式高16.6%。生态农业化管理模式下永嘉县城镇道路绿地的生态系统服务价值率达到常规管理模式的4.5倍以上。常规管理模式下永嘉县城镇道路绿地的生态成本十分巨大,其中超过60%来源于化肥污染环境。建议政府部门在城镇绿地管理中逐步实行生态农业化管理模式,提高城镇绿地的生态系统服务净价值和价值率。

关键词: 城镇道路绿地, 管理模式, 生态系统服务价值, 生态成本, 浙江永嘉

Abstract:

Urban road green space is an important component of urban green space. With the rapid development of traffic,urban road green space is receiving increasing attention due to its ecological function. However,studies into the ecological costs of urban road green space such as resource consumption and environmental pollution are rare. Here,we established urban road green space ecosystem service values,ecological costs and net ecosystem service values evaluation models using prior work on ecosystem service value. We used urban road afforestation engineering in Yongjia county as a case study to evaluate ecosystem service values and ecological costs of urban road green space under different management modes. The results showed that the ecological costs of urban road green space in Yongjia County declined in the eco-management mode,so net ecosystem service values of urban road green space were nearly 50% higher than those under the general management mode. Under the general agricultural management mode,urban road green space in Yongjia provides product value and net ecosystem service values were 16.6% higher than in the general management mode. The rate of ecosystem service value of urban road green space in Yongjia under an eco-agricultural management mode were more than 4.5 times that in the general management mode. In the general management mode,ecological costs of urban road green space were enormous,among those costs,environment pollution caused by chemical fertilizer accounted for more than 60%. We suggest that urban green space should be managed using an eco-agricultural management mode so that people can maximize its ecological benefit.

Key words: urban road green space, management mode, ecosystem service value, ecological cost, Yongjia County in Zhejiang Province

张呈祥, 孙金华, 王维, 张哲. 不同管理模式下城镇道路绿地的生态系统服务价值和生态成本研究——以浙江省永嘉县为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(3): 522-532.

Chengxiang ZHANG, Jinhua SUN, Wei WANG, Zhe ZHANG. Ecosystem service values and ecological costs of urban road green space in Yongjia County under different management modes[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(3): 522-532.

图/表 7

表1

图1

表2

表3

永嘉县城镇道路绿地生态系统服务价值和生态成本计算的参数取值"

参数	取值
固碳能力	4.36t/(hm² $?$ a)^[36]
吸收SO₂能力	88.65kg/(hm² $?$ a)^27]
吸收NO_X能力	0.38t/(hm² $?$ a)^[37]
滞尘能力	10.11t/(hm² $?$ a)^[37]
木材积蓄量	80 m³/hm^{2 [37]}
农业化管理参照的水果	杨梅(假设代替30%的一般乔灌木)
农业化管理参照的畜禽	牛当量(假设城镇道路绿地全部饲喂牲畜管理)

表3

图2

表4

图3

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管理模式	生态化管理	农业化管理	主要特征	生态系统服务价值和生态成本
常规管理模式	-	-	施用化肥农药、机械修剪,无直接提供产品价值。	生态系统服务价值包括调节气候、净化环境、涵养水源、削减噪声。生态成本包括机械修剪导致气候恶化和大气污染、施用化肥和农药污染环境、灌溉消耗水资源。
生态化管理模式	+	-	以有机肥代替化肥、减少农药用量、机械修剪,无直接提供产品价值。	生态系统服务价值与常规管理模式相同,施用化肥的生态成本忽略、施用农药的生态成本按照常规管理模式的50%计^[20]
常规农业化管理模式	-	+	施用化肥农药、以果树代替部分乔灌木、饲喂牲畜代替修剪,有直接提供产品价值。	施用化肥和农药的生态成本与常规管理模式相同,机械修剪的生态成本忽略,计算提供产品价值。
生态农业化管理模式	+	+	以有机肥代替化肥、减少农药用量、以果树代替部分乔灌木、饲喂牲畜代替修剪,有直接提供产品价值。	施用化肥和机械修剪的生态成本忽略、施用农药的生态成本按照常规管理模式的50%计,计算提供产品价值。

管理模式	调节气候			净化环境			涵养水源			降低噪声			提供产品			合计
管理模式	成本	价值	净价值	成本	价值	净价值	成本	价值	净价值	成本	价值	净价值	成本	价值	净价值	成本	价值	净价值
常规	4 907	189 899	184 992	79 396	64 703	-14 693	44 541	23 065	-21 476	0	23 038	23 038	0	0	0	128 844	300 705	171 861
生态化	671	189 899	189 228	1 582	64 703	63 121	44 541	23 065	-21 476	0	23 038	23 038	0	0	0	46 794	300 705	253 911
常规农业化	4 236	189 899	185 663	78 973	64 703	-14 270	44 541	23 065	-21 476	0	23 038	23 038	0	27 448	27 448	127 750	328 153	200 403
生态农业化	0	189 899	189 899	1 159	64 703	63 544	44 541	23 065	-21 476	0	23 038	23 038	0	27 448	27 448	45 700	328 153	282 453