中国秸秆能源化利用潜力与秸秆能源企业区域布局研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.03.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是农业生产大国,秸秆资源较为丰富,开发利用农作物秸秆资源、发展生物质能源具有重大的经济和生态效益。因此,科学评估中国秸秆资源能源化利用的潜力及其在不同地区的布局尤为重要。本文利用各省农业生产数据测算了全国各省大田作物田间秸秆产量和可利用秸秆资源数量,在此基础上利用土地遥感数据和GLO-PEM模型,测算了1km×1km栅格尺度的秸秆资源分布密度并评估了秸秆能源企业在各地区布局的适宜性。相比之前的研究,本研究考虑了秸秆资源在不同区域的分布密度差异,这对于计算秸秆这类收集和运输成本较高的资源的可利用率具有重要意义。此外,本文也通过2014年和2010年的对比,分析中国秸秆资源分布密度和能源企业适宜布局的变化趋势。研究结果表明：2014年中国主要大田作物秸秆资源总量为8.97亿t,可收集资源量为7.69亿t,可能源化利用秸秆资源总量为1.86亿t,吉林、江苏、河南、安徽、黑龙江等省份适宜建立大型秸秆能源企业,且未来秸秆能源布局也将向这些地区集中。东北、华北、长江中下游地区、成都平原、西南以及新疆等少部分地区适宜建立小型秸秆能源企业。

关键词: 秸秆能源化, 分布密度, 潜力, 区域布局, 中国

Abstract:

There are redundant crop residual resources in China and so developing crop residues as biomass energy shows great economic and ecological promise. For the efficient utilization of field crop residues,it is necessary to evaluate the potential and regional distribution of commercial production of field crop residues. First,we employed the yields of various crops in different provinces to calculate the theoretical amount of crop residue and the potential for commercial energy production. Remote-sensing data was mobilized to obtain NPP at a 1 km × 1 km grid level and distribution density of crop residue in different grids,and then suitability distribution of bioenergy plants in different regions was achieved. Compared to previous research,we considered the distribution density of crop residue in different regions because this is important to the use of crop residues which face high collection and transportation costs. We also analyzed the development trend of the distribution of crop residues and energy plants by comparing different years. Our results show that China’s total output of crop residues in 2014 amounted to 0.897 billion ton,collectable amount of crop residue amounted to 0.769 billion ton. Based on the consideration of resources density,larger-scale power plants and fuel ethanol plants are suitable for Jilin,Jiangsu,Henan,Anhui and Heilongjiang Provinces. In the future,China’s crop residue resources and energy plants will be concentrated in these areas. Small-scale power plants and fuel ethanol plants are suitable for Northeast China,Northern China,Southwest China,Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River,Chengdu Plain and Xinjiang. Government should support the energy utilization of crop residues and distribute energy plants according to crop residue density and scale.

Key words: energy utilization of crop residue, distribution density, potential, regional distribution, China

张崇尚, 刘乐, 陆岐楠, 徐新良, 仇焕广. 中国秸秆能源化利用潜力与秸秆能源企业区域布局研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(3): 473-481.

Chongshang ZHANG, Le LIU, Qinan LU, Xinliang XU, Huanguang QIU. Potential and regional distribution for the energy utilization of crop residues in China[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(3): 473-481.

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农作物	草谷比系数	收集系数
水稻	0.90	0.75
小麦	1.16	0.74
玉米	1.75	0.95
薯类	0.70	0.8
其他粮食作物	1.17	0.8
高粱	1.65	0.8
豆类	1.54	0.88
花生	1.94	0.88
油菜	2.04	0.89
芝麻	2.04	0.88
向日葵	2.04	0.88
胡麻	2.04	0.88
麻类	2.50	0.87
棉花	3.44	0.9
甘蔗	0.23	0.88

地区	可能源化利用比例 /%	2014年秸秆资源量/亿t			2010年可能源化利用秸秆资源量/亿t
地区	可能源化利用比例 /%	秸秆资源总量	可收集秸秆资源量	可能源化利用秸秆资源量	2010年可能源化利用秸秆资源量/亿t
全国	34.40	8.97	7.69	1.860	1.471
北京	23.13	0.01	0.01	0.001	0.002
天津	26.70	0.02	0.02	0.003	0.003
河北	22.70	0.46	0.40	0.054	0.049
山东	25.27	0.66	0.56	0.095	0.091
河南	37.07	0.84	0.69	0.203	0.193
辽宁	23.90	0.22	0.19	0.023	0.024
吉林	47.67	0.44	0.40	0.161	0.128
黑龙江	48.50	0.72	0.64	0.255	0.206
山西	17.00	0.17	0.15	0.006	0.005
陕西	18.67	0.16	0.13	0.010	0.010
甘肃	22.77	0.15	0.13	0.014	0.012
内蒙古	26.77	0.37	0.34	0.062	0.047
宁夏	20.30	0.05	0.04	0.006	0.005
新疆	33.57	0.31	0.27	0.071	0.056
西藏	17.10	0.01	0.01	0.000	0.000
青海	18.30	0.02	0.01	0.001	0.001
上海	46.23	0.01	0.01	0.003	0.004
江苏	45.07	0.42	0.32	0.113	0.107
浙江	50.17	0.08	0.07	0.026	0.026
安徽	43.73	0.45	0.36	0.122	0.110
湖北	40.83	0.35	0.28	0.086	0.079
湖南	27.83	0.34	0.27	0.040	0.038
江西	44.13	0.23	0.18	0.058	0.053
重庆	34.37	0.13	0.10	0.020	0.019
四川	21.10	0.42	0.34	0.013	0.012
贵州	29.57	0.14	0.12	0.017	0.016
云南	28.63	0.27	0.23	0.030	0.024
福建	24.87	0.07	0.05	0.008	0.008
广东	40.67	0.19	0.15	0.045	0.042
广西	44.83	0.36	0.30	0.105	0.094
海南	55.23	0.03	0.02	0.011	0.011

秸秆能源企业	面积
秸秆能源企业	2010年	2014年
6MW秸秆发电企业	283 559	326 477
年产1万t燃料乙醇企业	1 097 572	1 118 936
25MW秸秆发电企业	350 108	385 919
年产5万t大型燃料乙醇企业	44 307	111 126