长江中游经济带城镇建设用地转型的时空特征

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.02.07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多维度、多时序城镇建设用地转型特征刻画,是深刻揭示城镇建设用地转型规律,高效管控城镇建设用地转型的重要基础。本文从城镇建设用地转型内涵出发,构建城镇建设用地转型特征识别框架,采用转型幅度、转型速度、洛伦兹曲线等对长江中游经济带1990-2015年间城镇建设用地转型时空特征进行系统定量研究。结果表明：①城镇建设用地转型来源结构的时序变化显著,耕地占新增城镇建设用地比例持续减小,林地和其他建设用地所占比例则逐渐增大;研究期间,出现将耕地转为其他用地再转为城镇建设用地的“变相式”侵占耕地现象;②城镇建设用地经历了高速但不均衡的转型过程,其中面积增幅为153.34%,转型幅度为0.62,基尼系数为0.53;受特定社会经济环境及政策动态的影响,转型幅度、转型速度在时序上经历了“减-增-减”的变化过程;③转型幅度高值区呈“两横三纵”的分布格局,与区域内主要公路、铁路线路走向高度吻合;转型速度高值区呈左斜“H”型分布;④转型幅度与地形起伏度成反向变动关系,转型速度随地形起伏度的上升先增后减;城市群地区转型幅度高于非城市群地区,而转型速度则恰好相反。

关键词: 城镇建设用地, 转型, 均衡度, 时空特征, 长江中游经济带

Abstract:

Measurements of urban land transition with multiple perspectives and multi-time are essential to identifying inherent driving forces of urban land transition, urban land transition control and neo-urbanization construction in China. Here,based on the definition of urban land transition a characterization framework was built. The characteristics of urban land transition,including amplitude,speed and equilibrium were analyzed using transition degree,transition dynamic degree,Lorentz curve and coefficient of variation in the Middle Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1990 to 2015. We found that the internal structure of urban land sources has changed markedly. The proportion of cultivated land in new urban land continuously decreased,while the proportion of forest and other construction land gradually increased. An indirect way that cultivated land is converted to urban land was found whereby cultivated land is firstly converted to other land then to urban land. From 1990 to 2015 a rapid and unbalanced transition process occurred in the Middle Yangtze River Economic Belt：urban land area increased 153.34%,the transition degree was 0.62,and the Gini coefficient of the new urban land area was 0.53. At the same time,the trend in increment,degree and dynamic degree of urban land transition underwent decrease-increase-decrease. A two horizontal lines and three vertical lines region with high transition degree was highlighted and formed by counties along main roads and railways. The distribution pattern of counties with high transition dynamic degree appeared as a H shape,with counties mainly located in marginal areas of the Belt. The transition degree decreased with an increase in elevation,the dynamic degree was increased at first and then decreased. Compared to non-metropolitan areas,the transition degree for metropolitan areas was higher,but the dynamic degree was lower.

Key words: urban land, transition, equilibrium degree, Spatiotemporal dynamic patterns, Middle Yangtze River Economic Belt

瞿诗进, 胡守庚, 童陆亿, 李全峰. 长江中游经济带城镇建设用地转型的时空特征[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(2): 240-251.

Shijin QU, Shougeng HU, Luyi TONG, Quanfeng LI. Spatiotemporal patterns of urban land use transition in the middle Yangtze River Economic Belt[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(2): 240-251.

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时期	增加量 /km²	转型幅度	动态度 /%	转型幅度变异系数
1990-1995	578.59	0.10	5.05	3.76
1995-2000	122.66	0.03	0.85	3.36
2000-2005	792.71	0.14	5.30	4.15
2005-2010	1 434.53	0.25	7.58	3.55
2010-2015	587.37	0.10	2.25	3.18
总计	3 515.86	0.62	6.13	2.73

地形级别	区域总面积	占比	1990年		2015年		1990-2015年
地形级别	区域总面积	占比	城镇建设用地面积	占比	城镇建设用地面积	占比	新增城镇建设用地面积	占比
1	88 398.71	15.65	1 064.42	46.42	2 561.35	44.09	1 496.93	42.58
2	86 374.50	15.30	5 14.31	22.43	1 380.71	23.77	866.40	24.64
3	165 106.59	29.24	416.39	18.16	1 136.17	19.56	719.78	20.47
4	224 821.83	39.81	297.77	12.99	730.51	12.58	432.75	12.31
总计	564 701.63	100.0	2 292.89	100.0	5 808.74	100.0	3 515.86	100.0

转型指数	城市群	非城市群	转型对比
增量/km²	2 862.71	653.15	城市群增量更大
转型幅度	0.92	0.26	城市群转型程度更高
转型速度/%	6.10	6.30	非城市群转型速度更快
增量基尼系数	0.493 2	0.499 3	城市群与非城市基本相同
转型幅度变异系数	2.29	2.49	非城市群高于城市群