黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地整治优先度及模式——以麦积区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.02.06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

耕地整治优先度和模式的科学合理性对土地整治工作有重要意义。本文系统讨论了丘陵沟壑区耕地整治优先度的原则,从自然资源条件、基础设施与工程施工条件、立地条件三方面构建黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地综合条件评价指标体系,以甘肃天水市麦积区为例,运用综合评价系数法和GIS标准分类法确定耕地整治优先度,并分析耕地整治模式。结果表明：①麦积区耕地整治优先度评价结果表明所构建的黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地综合条件评价体系具有一定的可行性;②根据耕地地块综合条件系数评价结果,划分麦积区耕地整治优先度为优先、一般和限制整治区;③运用因素组合法,将麦积区耕地整治模式划分为：“土坎梯地+经济林”、农田水利建设及优化和路林网密织三种模式。

关键词: 耕地整治, 优先度, 模式, 麦积区, 黄土丘陵沟壑区

Abstract:

Scientific and rational prioritization and modes for cultivated land consolidation are important for land remediation in China. At present,most of the research on project priorities mainly considers the implementation of projects and the area of obvious advantage of cultivated land resource endowment. The urgency and intensity of backward areas of cultivated land resources are often ignored. Due to the quality of cultivated land,soil fertility declines and agricultural modernization from rural areas,to a certain extent exacerbated by the trend of abandoned land,these areas urgently need cultivated land consolidation. Here,we give a brief overview of previous research on cultivated land regulation priority. Evaluation indicators for cultivated land comprehensive conditions are established according to the three sides of natural resources,main facilities and engineering conditions,site conditions,taking Maiji as an example. We use comprehensive evaluation coefficients and GIS standards classification to evaluate priorities and analysis modes. Land regulation priority evaluation results show that construction of a hilly-gully land cultivated land comprehensive conditions system is feasible. Under conditions of land comprehensive coefficient and evaluation results,we divided the zone into three classes of priority and general and limited remediation areas. Using factor combination methods,we divided the mode of cultivated land consolidation into three types：earth-banked terrace and economic forest,farmland water conservancy construction and optimization,and road shelterbelt closely woven. Determining the priority and analysis pattern of cultivated land consolidation is conductive to decision-making regarding regional cultivated land regulation and promotion of land-related work.

Key words: cultivated land consolidation, priority, mode, Maiji district, the Loess hilly and gully region

王东, 陈英, 杨润慈. 黄土丘陵沟壑区耕地整治优先度及模式——以麦积区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(2): 231-239.

Dong WANG, Ying CHEN, Runci YANG. Priorities and modes of land consolidation in the Loess hilly and gully region of China[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(2): 231-239.

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评价要素	评价指标	权重	指标效应
自然资源条件A	有效土层厚度A1	0.201 2	+
	表层土壤质地A2	0.056 8	+
	剖面构型A3	0.036 2	+
	土壤有机质含量A4	0.070 7	+
	土壤pH值A5	0.020 2	适宜
	土壤侵蚀等级A6	0.016 1	–
基础设施与工程	排水条件B1	0.006 8	+
建设条件B	灌溉保证率B2	0.102 8	+
	与生产路的距离B3	0.032 2	+
	与林带的距离B4	0.090 3	+
	与沟渠的距离B5	0.088 6	+
立地条件C	地度形坡C1	0.210 4	–
	田块规整度C2	0.047 6	+
	暴雨灾害发生频率C3	0.020 1	–

评价指标	指标分值
评价指标	20	30	40	50	70	80	90	100
有效土层厚度/cm				[30,45）	[45,70）		[70,90）	≥90
表层土壤质地			砾质土L		砂土S		黏土N	壤土R
剖面构型		通体砂	黏砂砂	砂黏砂	黏砂黏	砂黏黏	壤黏壤	通体壤
土壤有机质含量/%		<6	[6,10）		[10,20）	[20,30）	[30,40）	≥40
土壤pH值	<4.5或 ≥9.5		[4.5,5.0）或 [9.0,9.5）		[5.0,5.5）或[8.5,9.0）		[5.5,6.0）或[7.9,8.5）	[6.0,7.9）
土壤侵蚀等级	极强侵蚀		强度侵蚀		中度侵蚀		轻度侵蚀	微度侵蚀
排水条件			无		一般		基本完善	完善
灌溉保证率			无		一般		基本满足	充分
与生产路的距离/m		>5	（4,5]	（2,4]		（1,2]		≤1
与林带的距离/m		>10	（6,10]	（2,6]		（1,2]		≤1
与沟渠的距离/m		>8	（5,8]	（2,5]		（1,2]		≤1
地形坡度/°			（15,25]		（6,15]		（2,6]	≤2
田块规整度	>2		（1.5,2]		（1.2,1.5]		（1,1.2]	≤1
暴雨灾害发生频率			易发区		中发区		低发区

模式类型分区	因素组合类型	面积/hm²	比例/%
I	强弱弱弱、强弱弱中、强强弱弱、强强弱强、强强弱中、强强强弱、强强强强、强强中弱、强强中强、强强中中、强中弱弱、强中弱强、强中弱中、强中强弱、强中强中、强中中弱、强中中强、强中中中、中弱弱弱、中弱弱中、中中弱弱、中中弱中、中中中弱、中中中中	48 604.04	81.38
II	弱强弱弱、弱强弱中、弱强强弱、弱强中弱、弱中弱弱、弱中弱中、弱中中弱、中强弱弱、中强弱强、中强弱中、中强强弱、中强中弱	5 009.52	8.39
III	弱弱弱弱、弱弱弱中、弱中弱强、弱中强弱、中中弱强、中中强弱、中中中强	6 114.34	10.23