生态刚性约束下的山区农村居民点整治与调控——以北京市门头沟区为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2017.02.05

资源科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 220-230.doi: 10.18402/resci.2017.02.05

生态刚性约束下的山区农村居民点整治与调控——以北京市门头沟区为例

关小克¹(), 王秀丽², 张凤荣³, 姜广辉⁴, 李乐⁵

1. 郑州轻工业学院社会发展研究中心,郑州 450002
2. 河南农业大学资源与环境学院,郑州 450002
3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100193
4. 北京师范大学资源学院,北京 100875
5. 山东省东营市土地综合整治服务中心,东营 257091

收稿日期:2016-09-12 修回日期:2016-12-12 出版日期:2017-02-25 发布日期:2017-02-20
作者简介:
作者简介：关小克,男,河南汝州人,博士,讲师,研究方向为社会发展与土地可持续利用。E-mail：guan1014@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学青年基金项目（41501189）;国家自然科学基金面上项目（41671519）;河南省哲学社会科学创新团队支持计划（2017-CXTD-09）

Rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints

Xiaoke GUAN¹(), Xiuli WANG², Fengrong ZHANG³, Guanghui JIANG⁴, Le LI⁵

1. Social Development Research Center of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry,Zhengzhou 450002,China
2. College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002,China
3. College of Resource and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University Beijing 100193,China
4. College of Resources Science and Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China
5. Dongying Bureau of Land and Resources,Dongying 257091,China

Received:2016-09-12 Revised:2016-12-12 Online:2017-02-25 Published:2017-02-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在城镇化进程中,协调好农村建设用地与地域生态系统之间的关系,推动低效农村建设用地的有效整合,是土地整治工作的关键所在。本文以北京市门头沟区为例,通过构建国土空间生态重要性评价体系,将门头沟区国土空间生态重要性划分为极重要（458.00km²）、重要（611.37km²）、一般（379.86km²））三个级别,以此作为识别门头沟区国土生态安全的健康底线。依据农村居民点综合发展程度评价体系,将门头沟区农村居民点发展程度划分为高发展程度（433.91hm²）、中发展程度（448.63hm²）、低发展程度（169.51hm²）三个级别。通过搭建互斥性组合矩阵,结合不同发展程度的农村居民点所处的生态重要性区间,将区域农村居民点归并为积极发展、限制发展、转型发展、退出利用四种类型,提出不同类型农村居民点的调控发展方向。最后,依据退出利用农村居民点的景观格局特征和空间邻接特征分析,提出山区废弃农村居民点的“精明退出”路径。研究结果有助于实现山区村庄的合理布局和资源的优化配置,对于促进山区经济社会与生态环境的协调发展具有积极的现实意义。

关键词: 国土空间, 生态, 农村居民点, 发展程度, 整治, 北京市门头沟区

Abstract:

Sustainable and livable ideologies and policies have been more and more prevalent in the activities of land rehabilitation during the course of urbanization and urban-rural integration,which can profoundly prompt the re-utilization and revitalization of underused construction land in rural areas. Change in rehabilitation principles and criteria can dramatically relieve pressure form the convergence of related resources and capital on ecological environments,in order to coordinate the relationship between rural construction land and regional ecological system,hydrological functions and development gaps. In this paper,rural residences in Mentougou District of Beijing were selected for research on the rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints. First,three levels of territory ecological importance,high importance （458.00km²）,middle importance （611.37km²）and low importance （379.86km²）,were divided as the base line based on the establishment of ecological importance evaluation system for territory development. According to the evaluation indicator system and comprehensive development degree for rural residences,three development degrees,high development （433.91 hm²）,middle development （448.63hm²）and low development （169.51hm²）were subdivided. Finally,coupled with the support of a mutex-matrix,local rural residences were classified into actively,restrained,transformable and withdrawable types. A smart withdraw path is put forward for withdrawable rural villages,after calculation and discussion of their landscape and spatial adjacent traits. The results of this study will be helpful for the rational distribution and resource optimization of rural residences in mountainous areas and provides a reference for equilibrium between socio-economic development and ecological conservation in mountainous areas.

Key words: territory, ecology, rural residence, development degree, rehabilitation, Mentougou District of Beijing

关小克, 王秀丽, 张凤荣, 姜广辉, 李乐. 生态刚性约束下的山区农村居民点整治与调控——以北京市门头沟区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(2): 220-230.

Xiaoke GUAN, Xiuli WANG, Fengrong ZHANG, Guanghui JIANG, Le LI. Rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(2): 220-230.

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系统层	指标层	因子分级及分值					权重
系统层	指标层	极重要5分		重要4分	较重要3分	一般2分	不重要1分
生态服务性	用地类型	水域	耕地	林地/园地	草地、未利用地、其他农用地	建设用地	0.136
	地块面积/hm²	≥20	[15,20）	[10,15）	[5,10）	<5	0.097
	地表水源保护区	一级水源地保护区	二级水源地保护区	三级水源地保护区		其他区域	0.119
生态敏感性	距离河流的距离/m	≤500	（500,1 000]	（1 000,1 500]	（1 500,2 000]	>2 000	0.112
	坡度/°	>25	（15,25]	（8,15]	（5,8]	<5	0.151
	地质条件	地质灾害高发区	地质灾害高易发区	地质灾害中易发区	地质灾害低易发区	无灾害区	0.165
	土壤质地	砾质	砂壤	重壤	轻壤	中壤	0.128
	土层厚度/cm	<30	（30,60]	（60,100]	（100,150]	>150	0.092

系统层	指标层	因子分级及分值					权重
系统层	指标层	5分		4分	3分	2分	1分
发展基础	村庄总人口/人	>1 000	800~1 000	300~800	100~300	<100	0.178
	村庄建设用地总面积/hm²	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	<10	0.092
	耕地总面积/hm²	>50	30~50	20~30	10~20	<10	0.095
发展水平	基础设施完备度/%	>20	15~20	10~15	5~10	<5	0.174
	道路通达度指数	>0.9	0.8~0.9	0.7~0.8	0.6~0.7	<0.6	0.105
	非农产业用地比重/%	>40	30~40	20~30	10~20	<10	0.163
	人均收入/万元	>2.2	2.2~1.8	1.8~1.4	1.4~1.0	<1.0	0.193
注：历史文化村不在评价范围内。

类型	高发展程度（HD）	中发展程度（MD）	低发展程度（LD）
极重要（HI）	111.85/限制	82.39/限制	24.31/退出
重要（MI）	128.11/积极	133.40/转型	53.40/退出
一般（LI）	193.95/积极	232.84/转型	91.80/退出

景观格局指数	NP /个	AREA-MN /hm²	ENN-MN /m	AI
退出利用农村居民点	232	0.712 3	187.240 1	87.458 1
全区域的农村居民点	996	1.208 8	162.962 7	89.034 8

邻接类型	邻接比例/%	邻接长度/m
耕地	4.66	3 470.26
林地	34.03	25 357.40
园地	20.25	15 088.07
草地	10.63	7 921.24
其他农用地	1.37	1 018.45
未利用地	1.19	886.42
建设用地	27.87	20 764.96
合计	100	74 506.80

生态刚性约束下的山区农村居民点整治与调控——以北京市门头沟区为例

Rehabilitation and adjustment of rural residences in mountainous areas under rigid ecological constraints

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