工业循环经济评价方法研究——以宁夏石嘴山市为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.12.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国是发展中国家,工业循环经济评价应该有自己的标准,在工业经济规模增长的同时,允许环境负荷有一定幅度地增加。基于上述理念,本研究将评价过程分为横向比较和纵向比较两部分：首先,以宁夏石嘴山市作为案例区,将其放在一个由中国东部山东枣庄市、中部河南焦作市、西部内蒙古乌海市、全国等几个层次的区域组成的参照系内,以生态效率为评价指标,分析2005-2013年石嘴山工业循环经济的发展水平;其次,在C模式的基础上,构建工业循环经济发展绩效度量模型,依据环境负荷与经济规模增长之间的倍数关系,通过纵向比较的方法,评价石嘴山工业循环经济发展绩效。本研究的主要结论为：①石嘴山工业增长与环境负荷之间存在比较明显的脱钩现象,但与全国、东中部煤炭资源型城市相比,石嘴山环境效率与资源效率仍然存在比较大的差距;②石嘴山工业循环经济的环境效率好于资源效率,以C模式作为评价标准,目前石嘴山工业循环经济优于高效C模式;③研究显示用C模式作为标准来衡量区域的循环经济发展水平具有一定的现实意义;④从横向比较和纵向比较两个维度评价工业循环经济具有更高的准确性。

关键词: 生态效率, C模式, 工业循环经济, 辨识指数, 评价, 石嘴山市

Abstract:

As a developing country,the assessment of Chinese industrial circular economies should have its own criterion whereby Chinese environmental loads should be permitted to increase within a certain range alongside industrial growth. Here,we divide the process of assessment into a horizontal comparison and vertical comparison. First,we set up a reference system and analyze development levels of the industrial circular economy in Shizuishan City based on the assessment index of eco-efficiency,and propose future directions. Second,based on the C Model of Circular Economy,we construct a measurement model of development performance of the industrial circular economy in which Shizuishan is studied from 2005 to 2020,and development performance of the industrial circular economy in Shizuishan is assessed. We found that development of the industrial circular economy in Shizuishan has been promoted greatly since 2005,there is an obvious phenomenon of unhooking between the industrial scale and environmental load,but present development levels lag behind other coal cities in the Eastern Region,Central Region and national average. Second,in relative terms,the environmental efficiency of Shizuishan is better than resources efficiency,and the industrial circular economy is better than the C model of high-efficiency. Third,the C Model of the circular economy is an appropriate developmental model for China and can assess the development level of regional circular economies. Fourth, the accuracy of industrial circular economy assessment methods from horizontal comparison and vertical comparison is higher than those based only on a vertical comparison.

Key words: eo-efficiency, C Model, industrial circular economy, identification index, assessment, Shizuishan City

于会录, 董锁成, 李宇, 李泽红, 李飞. 工业循环经济评价方法研究——以宁夏石嘴山市为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(12): 2348-2360.

YU Huilu,DONG Suocheng,LI Yu,LI Zehong,LI Fei. Assessment of the industrial circular economy in Shizuishan City[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(12): 2348-2360.

图/表 17

图1

图2

表1

基于C模式的工业循环经济发展绩效分类"

	EG<2	2 $≤$ EG<4	EG $≥$ 4
PG<1.5	低效传统经济	次B模式	高效B模式
1.5 $≤$ PG<2	低效传统经济	次C模式	高效C模式
PG $≥$ 2	-	次A模式	高效A模式

表1

图3

表2

各类型工业循环经济的环境负荷和经济规模辨识指数的取值范围"

工业循环经济类型	环境负荷辨识指数	经济规模辨识指数
低效传统经济	$R 2, n$ <0	$R 2, n$ <0
次A模式	$R 2, n$ >0	$R 2, n$ >0且 $R 4, n$ <0
高效A模式	$R 2, n$ >0	$R 4, n$ >0
次C模式	$R 1.5, n$ >0且 $R 2, n$ <0	$R 2, n$ >0且 $R 4, n$ <0
高效C模式	$R 1.5, n$ >0且 $R 2, n$ <0	$R 4, n$ >0
次B模式	$R 1.5, n$ <0	$R 2, n$ >0且 $R 4, n$ <0
高效B模式	$R 1.5, n$ <0	$R 4, n$ >0

表2

表3

图4

表4

图5

图6

图7

图8

表5

2013年石嘴山工业循环经济发展绩效"

辨识指数	4倍	2倍	1.5倍	环境负荷,辨识指数特点	定位
工业经济规模	423.82	672.82	-	$R 4, n$ >0	-
工业取水量	-1 033.79	-253.79	-57.79	$R 1.5, n$ <0	高效B模式
工业综合能耗	-1 065.63	-285.63	-89.63	$R 1.5, n$ <0	高效B模式
工业COD排放	-252.68	527.32	723.32	$R 2, n$ >0	高效A模式
工业二氧化硫排放	-948.35	-168.35	27.65	$R 2, n$ <0, $R 1.5, n$ >0	高效C模式
工业烟粉尘排放	-1 166.69	-386.69	-190.69	$R 1.5, n$ <0	高效B模式
工业二氧化碳排放	729.43	1 509.43	1 705.43	$R 4, n$ >0	高效A模式

表5

图9

图10

图11

表6

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一级指标	二级指标	三级指标	四级指标	计算方法
生态效率	资源效率	能源效率/（元/t）	能源产出效率/（元/t）能源利润效率/（元/t）	=工业增加值/能源消耗总量 =工业利润总额/能源消耗总量
	资源效率	水资源效率/（元/t）	水资源产出效率/（元/t）水资源利润效率/（元/t）	=工业增加值/工业取水量 =工业利润总额/工业取水量
	环境效率	废水COD排放效率/（万元/t）	-	=工业增加值/工业废水COD排放量
		二氧化硫排放效率/（万元/t）烟粉尘排放效率/（万元/t）	- -	=工业增加值/工业二氧化硫排放量 =工业增加值/工业烟粉尘排放量
		工业固体废物综合利用率/（元/t）	-	=一般工业固体废弃物综合利用量/产生量
		碳排放效率/（元/t）	-	工业增加值/工业碳排放量

指标	2005年	2007年	2009年	2011年	2013年	提升幅度/%
水资源产出效率/（元/t）	79.8	94.9	105.7	178.2	221.8	180
能源产出效率/（元/t）	679.8	782.5	1 261.8	1 274.4	1 773.5	161
能源利润效率/（元/t）	58.6	111.0	150.2	243.5	209.5	258
水资源利润效率/（元/t）	6.9	13.5	12.6	34.1	26.2	280
COD排放效率/（万元/t）	194.7	90.2	123.3	342.4	376.9	94
二氧化硫排放效率/（万元/t）	6.8	5.6	10.1	15.8	21.6	218
烟粉尘排放效率/（万元/t）	8.31	12.7	23.3	17.7	22.3	168
工业固废综合利用率/%	40.8	54.0	66.6	52.5	70.7	73
二氧化碳排放效率/（元/t）	569.3	226.3	295.0	331.2	525.0	-7