中国冰雪旅游基地适宜性综合评价研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.12.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冰雪旅游是中国未来旅游业升级的重要方向,研究旨在探讨建立国家冰雪旅游目的地评价体系,以为将来选择和建设冰雪旅游示范区。研究结果表明：①当前,中国冰雪旅游产业主要集中在黑龙江、吉林和新疆,东北地区的冰雪旅游开发在规模和影响程度上处于领先地;②中国西藏、青海等地区冰雪资源丰富,但旅游产业开发和发展难度较大;内蒙古地区冰雪资源得天独厚,适合冰雪旅游产品开发和产业发展,是中国冰雪旅游未来发展的重点区;③中国东南部大城市群地区不具备户外冰雪旅游资源,不适宜户外冰雪旅游产业的开发;④华北的京津冀地区具备一定的冰雪资源,可采取自然冰雪旅游产品和人工冰雪旅游产品相结合的方法,提高冰雪旅游产业效益。

关键词: 冰雪旅游基地, 适宜性, 综合评价

Abstract:

Ice-snow tourism is an important direction for China's tourism planning and upgrading, research pluralistic geographic information data, based on GIS spatial platform, comprehensive analysis of ice and snow tourism resources and environment, tourism development and the current situation of the tourism development potential of evaluation, comprehensive evaluation national snow and ice tourism demonstration bases suitable location. And then, summary of national ice-snow tourist destination evaluation system, the construction of ice-snow tourism demonstration area. The results showed that: (1) Integrated analysis of resource base, development status and future potential, China Ice-snow tourism development mainly concentrated in Heilongjiang, Jilin province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in the future. Ice-snow tourism industry development mainly depends on the development model of urban + tourist, specifically targeting Harbin, Changchun-Yanji, and Changji cities (Prefecture). Ice-Snow tourism development in the Northeast region of the scale and degree of influence in a leading position. The northeastern region of ice and snow tourism products rich, including ice and snow geology, mountains, lake water, ice art museum and so on. Northwest, southwest of the snow and ice tourism industry to watch the snow-capped mountains, ecological experience and other products. (2) From the resource base, Tibetan ,Qinghai and ningxia province(Autonomous Region) rich in snow and ice resources, but the snow tourism industry development is difficult. Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region hold unique resources, suitable for carrying snow tourism projects, development of snow tourism products, is the focus area of ice-snow tourism in the future. (3) From industrial development and potential, the top ten urban agglomeration areas of southeastern does not have the outdoor ice and snow tourism resources, not suitable for the development of snow tourism industry. Beijing, Tianjin and North China regions have a certain amount of Ice-Snow resources, can take the natural and artificial ice-snow tourism products tourism product combination of methods to expand the snow tourism industry.

Key words: ice-snow tourism base, suitability, comprehensive evaluation

程志会, 刘锴, 孙静, 席建超, 杨俊. 中国冰雪旅游基地适宜性综合评价研究[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(12): 2233-2243.

CHENG Zhihui,LIU Kai,SUN Jing,XI Jianchao,YANG Jun. The comprehensive evaluation of suitability of ice-snow tourism base in China[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(12): 2233-2243.

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目标层	领域层（权重）	因素层（权重）	指标说明
综合指数	旅游资源基础指标（0.539）	冬季气温（0.157）	冰雪旅游要求区域冬季平均气温较低,研究中确定-15℃以下为最适宜的等级,按照平均温度越高,得分越低的顺序依次赋值
		雪线高程（0.154）	冰雪旅游要求区域海拔不宜过高且有积雪分布,研究中确定雪线高程在3 000m为最优,以3000m雪线高程赋值最高,向两侧递减
		积雪天数（0.152）	冰雪旅游要求区域积雪天数较长,研究中确定积雪性质为五个等级,积雪等级越高,指标赋值越大
		森林覆盖率（0.076）	森林覆盖是保证旅游景区生态环境的基本要素,森林覆盖率越大,指标赋值越高
	旅游发展现状指标（0.266）	景点数量（0.124）	统计冰雪旅游为主的5A级景区数量和区域4A 、5A 级旅游景区总数量,景区数量越多,指标赋值越大
		旅游接待人次和收入水平（0.142）	统计区域接待国内、外旅游接待总人次;接待人次越多,指标赋值越大统计区域旅游总收入总和;收入值越高,指标赋值越大
	旅游发展潜力指标（0.195）	人口密度（0.105）	人口密度与区域经济基础、地理位置和建设条件等密切相关,在一定程度上反映旅游产业的发展潜力, 人口密度=人口总数量/土地面积,人口密度越高,指标赋值越大
		经济水平（0.090）	核算区域人均GDP水平及增长速率,经济发展水平=f（[人均GDP],[GDP增长率]）, 经济水平高,指标赋值越大

沿海省（直辖市、自治区）	重点冰雪旅游城市	总人口 /万人	市区人口 /万人	人均GDP /元
黑龙江		3 833.0	3 155.4	42 928
	哈尔滨市	944.4	427.5	50 423
	黑河市	171.5	21.0	22 654
	牡丹江	259.8	89.0	46 953
吉林		2 475.9	863.3	54 997
	长春	754.8	363.4	66 443
	延边朝族自治州	218.6	139.1	24 900
新疆		298.1	292.0	40 569
新疆	昌吉回族自治州	169.4	-	72 261
云南		2 864.0	639.8	28 918
云南	丽江纳西自治县	119.5	15.1	21 908

冰雪旅游适宜度等级	空间分布
冰雪旅游很适宜区	黑龙江中部地区,吉林中、东部地区,新疆天山山脉附近地区
冰雪旅游适宜区	黑龙江东、西部地区,吉林西部地区,内蒙古中、东部地区,新疆中北部地区,云南北部地区,四川西部地区
冰雪旅游基本适宜区	辽宁,华北中、北部地区,内蒙古西部地区,新疆南部地区,西藏、青海、甘肃大部分地区,四川北部地区
冰雪旅游不适宜区	中国东南部、无周期性不稳定降雪地区