土地整治绩效空间差异及投入优先序——以湖北省为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.11.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,中国各地进行了大量的土地整治工作,但如何合理安排土地整治项目,实现土地整治资金使用效率的最大化已成为亟待解决的问题。本文基于数据包络模型,对湖北省85个县（市、区）土地整治绩效的空间差异进行评价,然后运用生态系统服务价值相关理论测算土地整治生态潜力,并对数量、质量、生态潜力进行聚类,得出综合潜力,最后对土地整治绩效水平分级图与综合潜力分级图进行空间叠加,确定土地整治投入优先序。结果显示：①湖北省土地整治绩效水平相对较高,其中综合效率有效的地区有29个,技术效率有效的地区有36个,规模效率有效的地区有29个,三者均值分别为0.8607,0.8931,0.9600。从空间分布上来看：综合效率均值、技术效率均值均呈现中间高两头低的态势,而规模效率则表现为中间低两头高;②土地整治综合潜力可以划分成五个潜力级别区;③全省可划分成16个土地整治优先投入区、25个次优先投入区、20个一般投入区、24个投入紧缩区,并结合各区域特点,指出未来土地整治的重点方向。研究为确定新一轮土地整治资金投入的方向、提高土地整治资金使用效率,提供基础性的理论依据。

关键词: 数据包络分析, 叠加, 土地整治绩效, 空间差异, 生态潜力, 综合潜力, 投入优先序, 湖北省

Abstract:

There have been many recent land consolidation projects in China and how to arrange land consolidation projects to achieve maximal capital efficiency remains a serious problem. Here,we examine 85 counties （cities,districts）in Hubei,China and evaluate regional differences in land consolidation performance based on data envelopment analysis modeling. We calculated ecological potential land consolidation using the ecosystem service value theory,and determined the comprehensive potential using cluster analysis based on the quantitative potential,qualitative potential and ecological potential. We also determined the investment priority of land consolidation based on spatial overlay of a performance evaluation result classification map of land consolidation and comprehensive potential classification map of land consolidation. We found that the land consolidation performance level is relatively high in Hubei,comprehensive efficiency in 29 areas is efficient,technical efficiency of 36 areas is efficient,scale efficiency in 29 areas is efficient,and the three efficient mean values are 0.8607,0.8931 and 0.9600,respectively. Regarding spatial distribution the comprehensive efficiency mean valves and technical efficiency mean values show an apparent tendency of high in the middle and low on both sides,and scale efficiency mean values are low in the middle and high on both sides. The comprehensive potential of land consolidation can be divided into five potential levels. Hubei can be divided into 16 preferred investment areas,25 sub-preferred investment areas,20 general investment areas,and 24 tightening investment areas. Combining regional characteristics,we discuss future direction of land consolidation. This work will provide a theoretical basis for determining land consolidation investment,and improving capital efficiency.

Key words: DEA, overlay, land consolidation performance, spatial difference, ecological potential, comprehensive potential, investment priority, Hubei

谢向向, 张安录, 杨蒙. 土地整治绩效空间差异及投入优先序——以湖北省为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(11): 2058-2071.

XIE Xiangxiang,ZHANG Anlu,YANG Meng. Spatial differences in land consolidation performance and investment priority in Hubei Province[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(11): 2058-2071.

图/表 11

图1

表1

图2

表2

图3

表3

湖北省各县（市、区）土地整治数量潜力、质量潜力、生态潜力"

	地区	数量潜力 /hm²	质量潜力 /万kg	生态潜力 /万元		地区	数量潜力 /hm²	质量潜力 /万kg	生态潜力 /万元
武汉市	市辖区	0.00	0.00	0.00		华容区	388.62	4 541.48	1 287.30
	东西湖区	374.99	6 198.21	964.52		梁子湖区	518.09	5 153.43	1 716.15
	汉南区	380.52	5 474.37	978.73	荆门市	东宝区	1 290.09	18 849.63	5 666.57
	蔡甸区	1 068.43	14 891.71	6 396.25		掇刀区	1 564.74	19 891.98	6 872.94
	新洲区	1 712.09	22 341.40	9 410.11		沙洋县	4 001.43	36 949.85	31 519.09
	黄陂区	2 604.57	40 227.93	18 059.66		钟祥市	5 319.93	75 610.51	43 359.97
	江夏区	5 132.23	53 119.98	36 742.18		京山县	6 409.71	50 471.30	25 497.07
黄石市	市辖区	16.12	95.79	37.85	孝感市	云梦县	729.30	14 384.45	4 020.88
	大冶市	2 211.51	21 892.99	4 914.94		孝南区	1 528.15	17 547.11	6 855.46
	阳新县	3 194.18	44 414.76	7 098.86		汉川市	2 496.94	30 487.19	15 033.20
十堰市	市辖区	0.00	0.00	0.00		孝昌县	2 868.31	26 155.68	10 105.23
	郧西县	350.37	5 807.22	1 185.37		安陆市	3 001.96	24 686.71	11 840.13
	房县	530.30	5 767.00	1 888.08		应城市	3 893.86	39 108.42	14 917.12
	丹江口市	852.09	8 433.53	3 454.91		大悟县	25 938.38	104 403.79	110 682.72
	竹溪县	1 172.62	7 917.72	7 300.84	黄冈市	黄州区	314.57	2 077.81	884.78
	郧县	1 265.12	13 133.04	4 687.23		英山县	480.35	4 053.36	1 272.72
	竹山县	1 282.90	7 669.29	6 383.77		罗田县	823.93	7 387.58	2 888.40
荆州市	沙市区	343.76	4 429.97	1 003.09		团风县	1 883.69	11 834.53	4 586.52
	洪湖市	803.70	15 263.84	3 780.30		红安县	2 995.12	27 683.57	6 463.86
	荆州区	1 111.56	10 272.39	3 243.51		武穴市	4 135.23	20 956.22	17 205.68
	江陵县	1 604.67	21 148.18	5 729.52		麻城市	4 280.63	42 302.77	16 190.00
	石首市	1 806.41	19 094.65	6 031.02		黄梅县	6 514.87	37 912.87	35 592.73
	公安县	3 851.27	37 259.26	15 923.76		蕲春县	7 732.30	38 829.65	30 941.26
	松滋市	4 275.62	38 217.19	9 651.94		浠水县	8 082.99	38 089.36	34 446.48
	监利县	4 797.63	47 770.56	22 918.51	咸宁市	嘉鱼县	482.23	10 691.89	2 455.27
宜昌市	市辖区	0.00	48.40	0.00		通山县	758.56	6 745.91	2 298.03
	五峰县	160.80	1 740.42	368.26		通城县	1 014.68	9 504.63	3 473.64
	兴山县	187.00	2 698.07	530.09		崇阳县	1 058.71	9 850.10	3 242.67
	秭归县	227.51	2 136.08	514.91		咸安区	1 122.67	13 035.13	3 977.83
	远安县	386.83	4 145.00	1 833.91		赤壁市	3 498.20	22 440.23	12 161.22
	宜都市	424.95	3 465.74	1 666.55	恩施州	鹤峰县	178.67	2 406.26	782.12
	夷陵区	499.12	6 611.72	2 104.18		宣恩县	780.26	9 403.38	3 075.63
	长阳县	757.66	6 709.44	1 524.68		来凤县	884.63	11 561.46	4 499.77
	枝江市	1 747.70	20 215.92	8 016.17		建始县	914.62	9 354.60	4 315.95
	当阳市	3 935.38	38 341.81	21 398.52		巴东县	1 071.59	10 588.91	3 890.60
襄阳市	保康县	214.41	3 616.88	554.48		咸丰县	1 162.66	13 521.73	8 909.74
	樊城区	761.41	9 161.53	4 388.45		恩施市	1 984.86	18 978.68	6 938.75
	襄城区	873.07	10 173.85	5 032.00		利川市	3 922.68	33 228.12	17 220.01
	谷城县	883.27	8 640.76	2 927.08	随州市	曾都区	1 823.30	20 391.54	7 942.08
	老河口市	1 448.46	22 770.74	7 706.21		广水市	3 627.48	26 990.96	17 695.38
	南漳县	2 981.08	32 092.87	10 678.10		随县	5 359.48	54 382.41	23 345.26
	宜城市	4 049.57	40 375.65	18 813.41	省直管	神农架	56.86	293.33	125.16
	枣阳市	4 639.50	68 340.93	26 520.15		仙桃市	1 972.19	35 666.32	12 659.88
	襄州区	5 817.40	63 938.16	35 696.44		潜江市	3 368.25	42 676.36	15 908.11
鄂州市	鄂城区	267.61	3 612.43	886.43		天门市	4 740.73	67 616.35	21 750.47

表3

表4

图4

表5

参考文献 16

[17]	曲衍波,张凤荣,郭力娜,等. 北京市平谷区农村居民点整理类型与优先度评判[J]. 农业工程学报,2011,27(7):312-319.
	[Qu Y B,Zhang F R,Guo L N,et al. Evaluation of rural residential land consolidation classification and priority of Pinggu District in Beijing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2011,27(7):312-319.]
[18]	柯新利,韩冰华,刘爱. 武汉城市圈建设用地需求优先度及其区域差异[J]. 华中师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,47(2):271-275.
	[Ke X L,Han B H,Liu A.A study on the priority and regional difference of the build-up land demand in Wuhan metropolitan area[J]. Journal of Huazhong Normal University(Natural Science),2013,47(2):271-275.]
[19]	王珊,张安录,张叶生. 湖北省农用地整理综合效益评价-基于灰色关联方法[J]. 资源科学,2013,35(4):749-757.
	[Wang S,Zhang A L,Zhang Y S.Comprehensive benefits of farmland consolidation in Hubei Province:Based on gray relational analysis[J]. Resource Science,2013,35(4):749-757.]
[20]	马春艳,王占岐,易平. 基于ArcGIS的耕地整治潜力测算与分级研究-以湖北省房县为例[J]. 水土保持研究,2015,22(1):207-211.
	[Ma C Y,Wang Z Q,Yi P.Study on the potential calculation and classification of farmland remediation based on ArcGIS-a case study on Fang xian County[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,22(1):207-211.]
[21]	李克宇. 基于主成分分析法的土地整治项目优先度评价研究-以格尔木市为例[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学,2012.
	[Li K Y.The Research on the Priority Evaluation of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation Projects Based on Principal Component Analysis:A Case Study of Geermu Ctiy[D]. Lanzhou:Gansu Agricultural University,2012.]
[1]	罗文斌,吴次芳,吴一洲. 基于物元模型的土地整理项目绩效评价方法与案例研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(11):1321-1326.
	[Luo W B,Wu C F,Wu Y Z.Method and case study of performance evaluation on land consolidation projects based on matter-element model[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2011,20(11):1321-1326.]
[22]	藏波,吕萍,杨庆媛,等. 基于现代农业发展的丘陵山区农用地整治分区与发展策略-以重庆市云阳县为例[J]. 资源科学,2015,37(2):272-279.
	[Zang B,Lv P,Yang Q Y,et al. Reclamation zoning and development strategies for hilly and mountainous rural land based on modern agricultural develop-ment:A case study of Yunyang County,Chongqing City[J]. Resource Science,2015,37(2):272-279.]
[2]	Miranda D,Crecente R,Alvarez M F.Land consolidation in in-land rural Galicia,N.W. Spain,since 1950:An example of the formulation and use of questions,criteria and indicators for evalu-ation of rural development policies[J]. Land Use Policy,2006,23(4):511-520.
[3]	杨俊,王占岐,金贵,等. 基于AHP与模糊综合评价的土地整治项目实施后效益评价[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2013,22(8):1036-1042.
[23]	赵亮,龚健,王文婷. 丘陵山区农用地整治区域优先度评价-以湖北省兴山县为例[J]. 国土资源科技管理,2014,31(2):76-83.
	[Zhao L,Gong J,Wang W T.Priority evaluation of hilly agri-cultural land reclamation areas:A case study of Xingshan County,Hubei Province[J]. Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,2014,31(2):76-83.]
[3]	[Yang J,Wang Z Q,Jin G,et al. Post-benefit evalu-ation of land consolidation project implementation based on AHP and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation[J]. Resources and Environ-ment in the Yangtza Basin,2013,22(8):1036-1042.]
[4]	王炜,杨晓东,曾辉,等. 土地整理综合效益评价指标与方法[J]. 农业工程学报,2005,21(10):70-73.
[24]	沈立宏,张超,桑玲玲,等. 利用网格法确定县域农田整治优先度[J]. 农业工程学报,2012,28(18):241-247.
	[Shen L H,Zhang C,Sang L L,et al. Determination of consolidation priority for farmland at county level using grid method[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(18):241-247.]
[4]	[Wang W,Yang X D,Zeng H,et al. Method for comprehensive benefit evaluation of land consolidation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agri-cultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2005,21(10):70-73.]
[5]	吴九兴,杨钢桥. 农地整理项目的绩效评价及其空间特征研究-基于湖北省2001-2009年322个省级项目[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(9):1046-1051.
	[Wu J X,Yang G Q.Perfor-mance evaluation and spatial characteristics of land consolidation projects-based on 322 provincial projects in Hubei Province from 2001 to 2009[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2012,21(9):1046-1051.]
[6]	张庶,金晓斌,魏东岳,等. 土地整治项目绩效评价指标设置和测度方法研究综述[J]. 中国土地科学,2014,28(7):90-96.
[25]	代绍奇,伍博炜,伍世代,等. 基于细碎化和区位条件的丘陵山区农用地整理优先度研究-以福建省松溪县为例[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版),2015,33(4):14-20.
	[Dai S Q,Wu B W,Wu S D,et al. Priority research of hilly land consolidation based on land fragmentation and location condition:A case study of Songxi County,Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Sciences),2015,33(4):14-20.]
[6]	[Zhang S,Jin X B,Wei D Y,et al. Review on the index systems and methods on assessing the performance of land consolidation projects[J]. China Land Science,2014,28(7):90-96.]
[7]	汪文雄,余利红,刘凌览,等. 农地整治效率评价研究-基于标杆管理和DEA模型[J]. 中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(6):103-113.
[26]	《湖北农村统计年鉴》编辑委员会. 湖北农村统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2002-2014.
	[Editing Committee of Hubei Rural Statistical Yearbook. Hubei Rural Statistical Yearbook[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2002-2014.]
[27]	湖北省国土资源厅. 湖北省土地整治规划(2011-2020)[R]. 武汉:湖北省国土整治局,2012.
	[Department of Land and Re-sources of Hubei Province. Land Consolidation Planning in Hubei Province(211-2020)[R]. Wuhan:The Land Remediation bureau of Hubei Province,2012.]
[7]	[Wang W X,Yu L H,Liu L L,et al. Efficiency evalu-ation of rural consolidation:Based on benchmarking management and DEA model[J]. China Population,Resource and Environment,2014,24(6):103-113.]
[8]	金晓斌,周寅康,李学瑞,等. 中部土地整理区土地整理投入产出效率评价[J]. 地理研究,2011,30(7):1198-1206.
[28]	魏权龄. 数据包络分析[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2004.
	[Wei Q L.Data Envelopment Analysis[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2004.]
[8]	[Jin X B,Zhou Y K,Li X R,et al. The input-output efficiency evaluation of land consolidation in central land consolidation region[J]. Geo-graphical Research,2011,30(7):1198-1206.]
[9]	张俊峰,张安录,董捷. 土地集约利用与土地利用碳排放的关系研究-以武汉城市圈为例[J]. 农业现代化研究,2013,34(6):717-721
[29]	杨晓艳. 土地开发整理规划战略环境影响评价研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学,2005.
	[Yang X Y.Study on Strategic Environ-ment Impact Assessment Resulting from Land Develop-ment and Consolidation Planning[D]. Beijing:China Agricultural Univer-sity,2005.]
[9]	[Zhang J F,Zhang A L,Dong J.Study on relationship of intensive land use and carbon emission-a case study of Wuhan urban agglomeration.[J]. Research Agricultural Modernization,2013,34(6):717-721.]
[10]	赵玉领,苏强,吴克宁,等. 河南嵩县土地整理的数量质量潜力[J]. 农业工程学报,2008,24(9):73-78.
[30]	罗文斌,吴次芳. 农村土地整理项目绩效评价及影响因素定量分析[J]. 农业工程学报,2014,30(22):273-281.
	[Luo W B,Wu C F.Quantitative analysis of performance evaluation and influencing factors of rural land consolidation projects[J]. Trans-actions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Trans-actions of the CSAE),2014,30(22):273-281.]
[10]	[Zhao Y L,Su Q,Wu K N,et al. Quantitative and qualitative potential of land consolid-ation in Song County,Henan Province[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(9):73-78.]
[11]	张瑞娟,姜广辉,周丁扬,等. 耕地整治质量潜力测算方法[J]. 农业工程学报,2013,29(14):238-244.
[31]	谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等. 青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J]. 自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
	[Xie G D,Lu C X,Leng Y F,et al. Ecological assets valuation of the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2003,18(2):189-196.]
[11]	[Zhang R J,Jiang G H,Zhou D Y,et al. Calculation method of qualitative potential of farmland consolidation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2013,29(14):238-244.]
[12]	Tang X M,Chen B M,Zhang L N,et al. Analysis of cultivated land consolidation potential in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2012,28(1):219-224.
[32]	谢高地,肖玉,甄霖,等. 我国粮食生产的生态服务价值研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):10-13.
	[Xie G D,Xiao Y,Zhen L,et al. Study on ecosystem services value of food produ-ction in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2005,13(3):10-13.]
[13]	邓胜华,梅昀,胡伟艳. 基于模糊模型识别的石碑坪镇土地整理社会生态效益评价[J]. 中国土地科学,2009,23(3):72-75.
	[Deng S H,Mei Y,Hu W Y.Evaluation on social and ecological benefits of land consolidation in Shibeiping Town based on fuzzy model recognition[J]. China Land Science,2009,23(3):72-75.]
[33]	张皓玮,方斌,魏巧巧,等. 区域耕地生态价值补偿量化模型构建-以江苏省为例[J]. 中国土地科学,2015,29(1):63-70.
	[Zhang H W,Fang B,Wei Q Q,et al. Building quantitative model of ecological value compensation for regional arable land:A case study of Jiangsu Province[J]. China Land Science,2015,29(1):63-70.]
[14]	张正峰. 土地整理中的生态服务价值损益估算[J]. 农业工程学报,2008,24(9):69-72.
	[Zhang Z F.Estimation of gains and losses of ecosystem services value with land consolidation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering (Transactions of the CSAE),2008,24(9):69-72.]
[34]	彭毅. 主体功能区战略引导下的区域土地利用模式及情景模拟-以浙江省遂昌县为例[D]. 杭州:浙江大学,2009.
	[Peng Y.Regional Land Use Pattern and Scenario Simulation Guided by Development Priority Zoning:A Case Study of Suichang County in Zhejiang Province[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2009.]
[15]	唐秀美,潘瑜春,郝星耀,等. 中国耕地整治生态潜力测算方法[J]. 农业工程学报,2015,31(17):270-277
	[Tang X M,Pan Y C,Hao X Y,et al. Calculation method of cultivated land consolidation ecological potential in China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(17):270-277.]
[35]	段学军,陈雯. 省域空间开发功能区划方法探讨[J]. 长江流域资源与环境,2005,14(5):540-545.
	[Duan X J,Chen W.Primary study on the methods of spatial development function regionalization in province scale[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtza Basin,2005,14(5):540-545.]
[16]	张燕,张振华,姚付启,等. 主成分分析与系统聚类法在农业用地优先度评价中的应用[J]. 农业系统科学与综合研究,2009,25(1):23-26.
	[Zhang Y,Zhang Z H,Yao F Q,et al. Application of the principal component analysis method and the hierarchical cluster analysis method in the agricultural land priority[J]. System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2009,25(1):23-26.]

目标层	准则层	指标层	指标说明
投入指标	土地资本	土地整治面积/hm²	土地整治项目的总面积
投入指标		单位土地整治面积投资额/（万元/hm²）	土地整治投资额/土地整治面积
产出指标	经济产出	农业总产值增加率/%	（整治后农业总产值-整治前农业总产值）/整治前农业总产值×100
		耕地面积变化率/%	（整治后耕地面积-整治前耕地面积）/整治前耕地面积×100
		粮食产能变化率/%	（整治后粮食单产-整治前粮食单产）/整治前粮食单产×100
		农民人均纯收入增加率/%	（整治后农民人均纯收入-整治前农民人均纯收入）/整治前农民人均纯收入×100
	社会产出	单位投资新增耕地可供养人数 /（人/万元）	新增耕地面积/投资额×（湖北省总人口/湖北省耕地总面积）
		基本农田面积/hm²	土地整治新增的基本农田面积
		农业劳动生产率增加率/%	（整治后农业劳动生产率-整治前农业劳动生产率）/整治前农业劳动生产率×100,农业劳动生产率=农业增加值/农业劳动力人数
		机耕面积增加率/%	（整治后机耕面积-整治前机耕面积）/整治前机耕面积×100
		有效灌溉率增加量/%	有效灌溉率增加量=整治后有效灌溉率-整治前有效灌溉率,有效灌溉率=（水田+水浇地）/耕地面积×100
	生态产出	土地垦殖系数增加量/%	新增耕地面积/区域面积×100
		植被覆盖指数提高值/%	植被覆盖指数^*=（0.5×林地面积+0.3×草地面积+0.2×耕地面积+0.2×园地面积）/区域面积提高值=（整治后覆盖指数-整治前覆盖指数）×100

区域	DEA有效的地区个数	DEA无效的地区个数	综合效率均值	技术效率均值	规模效率均值
鄂东低山丘陵区	1	18	0.798 7	0.828 9	0.961 5
鄂中平原区	18	20	0.885 6	0.922 2	0.955 0
鄂西高原区	10	16	0.884 7	0.908 5	0.972 6

地区	优先投入区个数	次优先投入区个数	一般投入区个数	投入紧缩区个数
鄂东低山丘陵区	1	9	5	5
鄂中平原区	15	10	9	5
鄂西高原区	0	6	6	14