中国水泥生产碳排放系数省区空间差异性及成因分析

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.09.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国作为全球最大水泥生产国,水泥生产碳排放量大。除因产能、产量规模差异形成省区间排放总量差异外,碳排放系数区域差异也影响着总排放量不同。本文以省区为单元,基于全国20个主要水泥生产省区的碳排放系数抽样调查基础数据,分析和比较了省区间水泥熟料工艺碳排放系数、熟料燃料碳排放系数、水泥工艺碳排放系数、水泥燃料碳排放系数及间接碳排放系数的空间差异,结合ArcGIS对各类碳排放系数的空间差异分布进行直观体现;并以生产线为对象分析省区间水泥生产碳排放系数存在空间差异的原因。相关分析结果表明：水泥熟料工艺碳排放系数在总体上呈现由西部、中部省区向东部省区递减的态势,差异性产生的原因主要是省区间水泥用石灰石品质的不同,即生料中石灰石的CaO含量起到基本决定作用,替代材料用量及CaO比例也会产生一定影响;熟料燃料碳排放系数总体分布格局是东部沿海省区相对较低,中西部省区较高,差异原因主要是各省区水泥生产线所用煤炭种类及低位发热值的差异。煤炭低位发热值较高的省区,燃料碳排放系数就越小;水泥工艺碳排放系数及燃料碳排放系数的总体格局是多数东部沿海省区相对较低,中西部多数省区相对较高。差异主要与水泥熟料比直接相关,熟料比越低则水泥碳排放系数亦越小;间接碳排放系数主要由大区电力生产碳排放系数所决定,但水泥生产线余热发电对间接碳排放系数亦有影响。

关键词: 熟料与水泥, 碳排放系数, 区域差异, 成因分析

Abstract:

As the largest producer of cement worldwide,China is also the biggest emitter of CO₂emissions. It has been widely recognized that CO₂emission factors affect and define regional CO₂ emissions,capacity and scale. We therefore discuss regional spatial differences in CO₂ emission factors in terms of the CO₂ emission factor of the clinker process,CO₂ emission factor of clinker fuel,CO₂ emission factor of cement processes,CO₂ emission factor of cement fuel and indirect CO₂ emission factor in provinces based on sampling survey data. To identify differences,we produced five corresponding thematic maps to view the spatial distribution. Our results indicate that the spatial distribution characteristics of four preceding items are almost the same：the eastern coastal provinces are relatively low and central and west regions are higher. As for the indirect CO₂ emission factor,it is mainly decided by the CO₂emission factor of the Chinese regional power grid;its distribution feature is ambiguous. We further explored sources of differences in CO₂emission factors among provinces. We argue differences in the CaO content of limestone and raw material additives affect the results. However,differences in the CaO content of limestone are critical. Differences in the CO₂ emission factor of clinker fuel are because of the coal low calorific value. The lower average low calorific value,the less the CO₂ emission factor of clinker fuel. In the cement grinding process,power consumption produces CO₂ emissions. So the spatial variances of the CO₂ emission factor of the cement process and fuel are highly related to the clinker-cement ratio. The spatial differences in indirect CO₂emission factor between the twenty provinces is small,and mainly decided by CO₂emission factor of Chinese regional power grids. Whether cement production lines own the waste heat power generation also reduces the indirect CO₂emission factor.

Key words: clinker and cement, CO2 emission factor, regional differences, causal analysis

赵建安, 郑宗强, 曹植, 姚建华. 中国水泥生产碳排放系数省区空间差异性及成因分析[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(9): 1791-1800.

ZHAO Jianan,ZHENG Zongqiang,CAO Zhi,YAO Jianhua. Spatial and causal analysis of discrepancies in CO₂emission factors for cement production among provinces in China[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(9): 1791-1800.

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	序号	产能 /万t	石灰石CaO 比重/%	石灰石MgO 比重/%	熟料产量 /万t	标煤消耗 /（kg/t-cli）
东部	1	2 500	50.86	1.74	78.50	109.59
	2	2 500	51.08	0.98	76.00	105.47
	3	5 000	49.07	2.69	133.00	118.07
	4	5 000	49.00	1.36	156.00	117.34
中部	5	2 500	49.65	1.29	82.06	133.19
	6	2 500	50.12	1.16	67.57	112.90
	7	5 000	51.06	0.79	180.00	104.36
	8	5 000	54.58	0.31	180.00	101.00
西部	9	2 500	53.06	0.77	115.26	125.42
	10	2 500	49.65	2.83	67.57	109.83
	11	5 000	49.39	1.23	180.11	101.86
	12	5 000	52.17	0.65	184.40	123.84

	最大值	最小值	中位数
工艺碳排放系数（kgCO₂/t-cli）	537.766	508.305	520.942
燃料碳排放系数（kgCO₂/t-cli）	344.820	269.235	308.733
工艺碳排放系数（kgCO₂/t-ce）	605.526	172.999	351.859
燃料碳排放系数（kgCO₂/t-ce）	375.870	103.823	195.637
间接排放系数（kgCO₂/t-cli）	78.726	22.823	42.859

省区	硅酸盐熟料产量 /万t	窑外分解窑产量 /万t	水泥产量 /万t
全国合计	136 151.11	119 480.73	241 439.66
北京	655.66	655.65	900.54
天津	163.17	163.17	951.88
河北	5 775.37	5 471.61	12 676.24
山西	2 809.89	2 538.28	4 984.85
辽宁	3 117.98	3 031.92	6 005.24
吉林	3 106.40	2 950.01	4 502.92
上海	40.39	40.39	750.31
黑龙江	1 581.72	1 270.16	4 028.48
江苏	5 292.52	5 259.86	17 991.86
福建	4 875.93	4 618.41	7 890.37
浙江	5 540.33	5 483.27	12 462.87
安徽	12 255.00	11 533.60	12 131.37
江西	5 243.36	4 526.81	9 204.20
山东	8 896.43	7 655.71	16 217.81
湖北	5 733.94	3 691.58	11 056.52
河南	7 450.25	6 815.40	16 764.44
广东	7 099.23	6 363.26	13 394.93
湖南	5 819.56	5 006.53	11 264.67
海南	1 365.65	1 365.65	1 988.36
四川	8 205.94	5 522.66	13 897.09
重庆	4 384.93	3 520.06	6 126.95
贵州	5 646.58	4 817.33	8 140.51
陕西	5 082.45	3 923.17	8 545.52
云南	6 229.42	5 492.21	9 009.16
青海	976.56	710.84	1 786.29
甘肃	2 953.51	2 552.85	4 412.73
内蒙古	3 238.33	2 831.05	6 395.72
广西	7 436.58	7 001.80	10 707.48
西藏	225.78	183.99	295.82
宁夏	1 302.28	1 119.87	1 914.28
新疆	3 645.95	3 363.61	5 040.25

区域	2 500t/d	石灰石中CaO 比重/%	石灰石占生料比重/%	生料中其他材料	材料占生料比重/%	工艺碳排放系数 /（kgCO₂/t-cli）
东部	1	50.86	79.73	转炉渣、砂岩	6.14、5.10	482.280
东部	2	51.08	81.00	砂页岩、钢渣	3.60	489.810
中部	3	49.65	85.70	砂岩、粉煤灰、硫酸渣	8.60、2.40、3.30	521.920
中部	4	50.12	79.50	粘土、粉煤灰等	13.10、4.00	522.800
西部	5	49.65	83.00	砂页岩、铁矿石	5.00、3.00	531.430
西部	6	53.06	82.70	砂岩、硫酸渣	14.30、3.10	527.526

区域	5 000t/d	石灰石中CaO 比重/%	石灰石占生料比重/%	生料中其他材料	材料占生料比重/%	工艺碳排放系数 /（kgCO₂/t-cli）
东部	1	49.00	84.09	煤矸石、砂岩	1.32、31.05	503.580
东部	2	49.07	82.23	煤矸石、铁矿石等	10.80、4.60	508.540
中部	3	54.58	73.84	粘土、转炉渣	18.50、4.00	511.900
中部	4	51.06	86.00	砂岩、页岩	1.50、9.00	527.450
西部	5	52.17	83.12	砂岩、煤矸石等	6.80、10.00	522.870
西部	6	49.39	86.80	页岩,铁矿石	3.40,3.50	521.033