林地产权对农户林业经营性收入的影响——以江西省两个县（市）为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.08.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新一轮集体林权制度改革建立的林地产权制度能否激励农户经营林地并获取可持续的经营性收入是衡量改革成功与否的重要方面。本文利用2015年江西省遂川县与丰城市的598户农户调研数据实证分析了新一轮林改后林地产权对农户的林业经营性收入的影响。研究表明,由于产权完整性和安全性对农户林地投资行为或林地流转行为可能存在方向相反的影响,导致林地产权对林业经营效率及经营收入的综合影响方向并不确定。经验结果表明,在新一轮林改背景下,农户感知的征地风险越弱,其林业的经营性收入越高;权属完整性方面,提高抵押权完整性认知有助于提高农户的林业经营性收入,由于相关配套体系的不完善,农户的抛荒权和使用权完整性认知的提高不利于林业经营性收入的增加。为此,应严格禁止不合法的林地征收行为和不合理的林地权利限制,同时加强法律知识的宣传教育,提高农户的产权认知水平;完善农村信贷市场和社会保障体系等相关配套体系,提高农户林地产权的行使能力,促使林地产权改革经济绩效的显现。

关键词: 林地产权, 林业经营性收入, 农户产权认知, 产权完整性, 产权安全性, 江西省

Abstract:

Whether the new forestland property rights established during the new round of collective forest tenure reform could motivate farmers to management their collective forestland and obtain sustainable forestry income is an important catalyst for evaluation of the new round of collective forest tenure reform. Base on the 598 households survey data collected in Suichuan and Fengcheng Counties of Jiangxi Province in 2015, this paper examines the impact of households’ recognition of forestland property rights（including forestland property rights security and forestland property rights integrity） on households’ forestry income after the new round of collective forest tenure reform. The results indicate that the impacts of the forestland property rights on forestry management efficiency and forestry income is uncertain as forestland property rights integrity and security may have opposite effects on forestland investment or forestland transfer, which may affect household’ forestry productivity. The empirical results indicate that the reduction of households' expected forestland expropriation risk is conducive to improving households’ forestry income;in terms of forestland property rights integrity recognition, households’ recognition of the integrity of mortgage right have positive impact on households’ income from forestry, while due to the imperfections of supporting systems, households’ recognition of the integrity of abandon rights and use rights negatively affect households’ forestry income. Therefore,the government should strictly prohibit illegal forestland expropriation and reduce the restrictions from local government and village collective on farmers’ forestland property rights,and further strengthen publicity and education of legal knowledge about forestland property rights to improve farmers’ recognition of forestland property rights, as well as improve the rural credit market and social security systems to increase the executive ability of forestland property rights and promote the growth of farmers’ income from forestry.

Key words: forestland property rights, forestry income, households’ perceived property rights, property rights integrity, property rights security, Jiangxi Province

吉登艳, 石晓平, 仇童伟, 马贤磊. 林地产权对农户林业经营性收入的影响——以江西省两个县（市）为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1609-1620.

JI Dengyan,SHI Xiaoping,QIU Tongwei,MA Xianlei. Impact of forestland property rights on households’ income from forestry based on analysis of two cities in Jiangxi[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1609-1620.

图/表 5

图1

表1

变量定义及描述"

变量名称	变量定义	平均值	标准差	预期方向
林业经营性收入
农户林地经营性收入	2004-2014年期间每年农户单位面积林地产生的林业经营收入（包括林产品销售收入与农户自用部分的折价）折现加总值/（万元/hm²）	0.30	1.05
林地产权完整性认知
使用权	根据林地转为农业用途、林地转成其他林业用途、自主选择树种权利和经营非木质林产品的权利认知值综合加权获得	2.31	0.77	+/-
流转权	根据林地村内流转权和村外流转权认知值综合加权获得	2.42	1.00	+/-
采伐权	采伐权认知:0=无,1=不确定;2=有,但需林业局同意;3=有,无需林业局同意	2.17	1.01	+/-
抵押权	抵押权认知:0=无,1=不确定;2=有,但需村里同意;3=有,无需村里同意	0.86	0.99	+/-
抛荒权	抛荒权认知:0=无,1=不确定;2=有,但需村里面同意;3=有,无需村里同意	2.59	0.96	+/-
林地产权安全性认知
调整风险预期	林权证到期后林地被调整的可能性预期:0=有可能;1=不确定;2=不可能	0.91	0.82	+/-
征收风险预期	未来10年林地被征收的可能性预期:0=有可能;1=不确定;2=不可能	1.37	0.75	+/-
农户家庭特征
户主年龄	户主的年龄/岁	45.88	10.45	+/-
户主受教育水平	1=文盲;2=小学;3=初中;4=高中（含中专）;5=本科以上（含大专）	2.62	0.82	+/-
户主性别	1=男;0=女	0.96	0.20	+
家庭固定资产价值	家庭持有农业设备、家畜和电子设施、住房、家具和交通工具价值之和 /万元	2.97	1.14	+/-
林种类型	2004年家庭主要经营林种:0=无林地;1=竹林;2=用材林;3=混合林（主要是油茶、杉树、竹林混合）;4=纯经济林	2.62	0.82	+
林地生产投入
资本投入	2004-2014年期间每年农户单位面积林地林业生产中购买肥类和农药等投入费用折现加总值/（元/hm²）	2 282.10	6 667.95	+
劳动力投入	2004-2014年期间每年农户单位面积林地林业生产中的投工折价,折现加总值/（元/hm²）	519.15	4 916.40	+
村级特征
村到乡镇的距离	村中心到最近乡镇的距离/km	11.78	7.34	+
村林业重要性	村林业收入占村农民总收入的比例	0.09	0.12	+
丰城市虚拟变量	0=其他;1=丰城市	0.36	0.48	+/-

表1

表2

表3

表4

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产权完整性	状态	林业经营性收入	产权完整性	状态	林业经营性收入
使用权	0	10 450.20	流转权	0	3 947.55
	1	5 227.80		1	5 995.35
	2	3 296.40		2	3 068.25
	3	2 729.10		3	3 267.45
采伐权	0	3 298.20	抵押权	0	4 120.95
	1	14 644.05		1	3 326.40
	2	2 459.55		2	1 123.65
	3	3 612.30		3	2 280.90
抛荒权	0	8 025.30
	1	3 893.85
	2	5 351.85
	3	2 925.00

自变量	模型1		模型2
自变量	系数	T值	系数	T值
林地产权完整性认知
使用权	-1.43**	-2.52	-1.29**	-2.37
流转权	-0.18	-0.75	-0.14	-0.60
采伐权	0.09	0.42	0.04	0.21
抵押权	1.34**	2.23	1.17**	2.04
抛荒权	-0.47***	-2.68	-0.42**	-2.42
林地产权安全性认知
调整风险预期	-0.67	-1.47	-0.61	-1.44
征收风险预期	0.98**	2.00	0.83*	1.79
家庭特征
户主年龄	-0.01	-1.36	-0.01	-1.20
户主教育年限	0.01	0.28	0.00	0.08
户主性别	-0.55	-1.27	-0.52	-1.17
家庭固定资产价值（对数）	0.00	0.15	0.01	0.41
2004年林种类型	0.07*	1.83	0.07*	1.82
村级特征
村到乡镇的距离	-0.02**	-2.10	-0.01*	-1.88
村林业重要性（对数）	-1.47*	-1.73	-1.35*	-1.71
丰城市虚拟变量	0.24	1.12	0.22	1.17
林地生产投入
劳动力投入（对数）			0.00***	3.38
资本投入（对数）			0.00***	2.63
观察值	598		598
平均方差膨胀系数	2.33		2.19
伪似然率对数值	-801.03		-789.60