基于InVEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.08.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

区域碳储量的空间分布特征研究可为区域生态系统碳库管理和减排增汇政策制定提供重要科学依据。基于InVEST模型和GIS技术,估算及分析了2010年甘肃白龙江流域碳储量及其空间格局,并探讨了海拔、坡度和坡向对碳储量空间分布的影响。结果表明:甘肃白龙江流域碳总储量为251.57TgC,平均碳密度为136.46MgC/hm²;其中,土壤碳储量为202.20TgC,植被碳储量为49.37TgC。碳储量空间分布呈现一定的规律性,碳储量高值区主要集中在流域西北部山区（如迭部县）和白水江南岸（如白水江国家级自然保护区）,云杉、冷杉类常绿针叶林的碳总储量最大;低值区多分布在流域东部和东南部（如武都区）、宕昌县东北部等区域。碳储量随海拔高度和坡度的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,其高值区主要分布在1500~3500m和25°~40°区段;阴坡和半阴坡区域的碳储量大于阳坡和半阳坡。研究结果可为流域生态系统碳库管理及人类活动管控提供参考。

关键词: 碳储量, 空间格局, InVEST模型, 生态系统服务, 甘肃白龙江流域

Abstract:

Research into the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon storage plays an important role in ecosystem carbon pools and management. Based on the carbon module of InVEST and GIS,the Bailongjiang watershed in Gansu,China was selected as a case study to estimate carbon storage and analyze the impact of vegetation types,elevation,slope and slope direction for the spatial distribution of carbon storage. The total carbon storage of the watershed was 251.57 TgC,and the average carbon density was 136.46 MgC/hm². Among them,the soil carbon storage accounted for 202.20 TgC while vegetation carbon storage was 49.37 TgC,soil carbon storage was the main part of the total carbon storage in the Bailongjiang watershed. The spatial distribution of carbon storage was concentrated in the northwestern mountain forest region （e.g. Diebu Count）and the southern area of Baishuijiang （e.g. Baishuijiang National Nature Reserve）. Spruce and fir and evergreen coniferous forest occupied the largest vegetation carbon in the watershed;the value in the eastern and southeastern part of the study area was lower,such as in Wudu District and the northeast part of Tanchang,and the carbon storage in alpine sparse vegetation area was the lowest. Carbon storage had apparently spatial differentiation with the zonality of elevation,slope and slope direction in the Bailongjiang watershed. The watershed carbon storage increased with increasing elevation,then decreased with increasing elevation. Most of the watershed carbon storage was distributed between 1500m to 3500m and 25° to 40°. Carbon storage was higher in the areas belonging to shady slope and semi-shady slope than that of semi-sunny slope and sunny slope. These results can be used for the governance of ecosystem carbon pools and human activities at the watershed scale.

Key words: carbon storage, spatial distribution, InVEST model, ecosystem service, Bailongjiang Watershed, Gansu

张影, 谢余初, 齐姗姗, 巩杰, 张玲玲. 基于InVEST模型的甘肃白龙江流域生态系统碳储量及空间格局特征[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1585-1593.

ZHANG Ying,XIE Yuchu,QI Shanshan,GONG Jie,ZHANG Lingling. Carbon storage and spatial distribution characteristics in the Bailongjiang Watershed in Gansu based on InVEST model[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1585-1593.

图/表 7

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 49

[1]	Canadell J G, Raupachm R. managing forests for climate change mitigation[J]. Science,2008,320(5882):1456-1457.
[2]	Hamilton K, Sjardinm,marcello T, et al. Forging a Frontier:State of the Voluntary Carbonmarkets 2008[M]. Washington DC:Eco-system market place and New Carbon Finance,2008.
[3]	Lal R.Forest soils and carbon sequestration[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2005,220(1-3):242-258.
[4]	Lal R.Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security[J]. Science,2004,304(5677):1623-1627.
[5]	Dorji T, Odeh I O A,Field D J, et al. Digital soilmapping of soil organic carbon stocks under different land use and cover types inmontane ecosystems,Eastern Himalayas[J]. Forest Ecology and Management,2014,318(3):91-102.
[6]	方精云,陈安平,赵淑清,等. 中国森林生物量的估算:对Fang 等Science一文(Science,2001,291:2320~2322)的若干说明[J]. 植物生态学报,2002,26(2):243-249.
	[Fang J Y,Cheng A P,Zhao S Q,et al.Estimating biomass carbon of china's forests:Supplementary notes on report published in science (291:2320-2322)by Fang et al. (2001)[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2002,26(2):243-249.]
[7]	Wei Y W,Yu D P,Lewis B J,et al.Forest carbon storage and tree carbon pool dynamics under natural forest protection program in northeastern China[J]. Chinese Geographical Science,2014,24(4):397-405.
[8]	高阳,金晶炜,程积民,等. 宁夏回族自治区森林生态系统固碳现状[J]. 应用生态学报,2014,25(3):639-646.
	[Gao Y,Jin J W,Cheng Jm,et al.Carbon sequestration status of forest ecosystems in Ningxia Hui autonomous region[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(3):639-646.]
[9]	李士美,杨传强,王宏年,等. 基于森林资源清查资料分析山东省森林立木碳储量[J]. 应用生态学报,2014,25(8):2215-2220.
	[Li Sm,Yang C Q,Wang H N,et al.Carbon storage of forest stands in Shandong province estimated by forestry inventory data[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2014,25(8):2215-2220.]
[10]	陈芳,盖艾鸿,李纯斌. 甘肃省土壤有机碳储量及空间分布[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(11):176-181.
	[Chen F,Gai A H,Li C B.Soil organic carbon storage and its spatial distribution in Gansu Province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2009,23(11):176-181.]
[11]	彭守璋,赵传燕,郑祥霖,等. 祁连山青海云杉林生物量和碳储量空间分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报,2011,22(7):1689-1694.
	[Peng S Z,Zhao C Y,Zheng X L,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of the biomass and carbon storage of Qinghai spruce (Picea crassifolia)forests in Qilianmountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(7):1689-1694.]
[12]	吴丹,邵全琴,李佳,等. 江西中南部红壤丘陵区主要造林树种碳固定估算[J]. 生态学报,2012,32(1):142-150.
	[Wu D,Shao Q Q,Li J,et al.Carbon fixation estimation for themain plantation forest species in the red soil hilly region of southern-central Jiangxi Province,China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(1):142-150.]
[13]	王渊刚,罗格平,冯异星,等. 近 50 a 玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对碳储量的影响[J]. 自然资源学报,2013,28(6):994-1006.
	[Wang Y G,Luo G P,Feng Y X,et al.Effects of land use/land cover change on carbon storage inmanas river watershed over the past 50 years[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2013,28(6):994-1006.]
[14]	许文强,陈曦,罗格平,等. 干旱区三工河流域土壤有机碳储量及空间分布特征[J]. 自然资源学报,2009,24(10):1740-1747.
	[Xu W Q,Chen X,Luo G P,et al.Soil organic carbon storage and its spatial distribution characteristic in the Sangong river water-shed of arid region[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2009,24(10):1740-1747.]
[15]	魏晓华,孙阁. 流域生态系统过程与管理[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社,2009.
	[Wei X H,Sun G.Watershed Ecosystem Processes andmanagement[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press,2009.]
[16]	Tallis H T,Ricketts T,Guerry A,et al.InVEST 2.2.4 User's Guide. The Natural Capital Project[M]. Stanford:The Natural Capital Project,2011.
[17]	Nelson J E,mendoza G,Regetz J.modelingmultiple ecosystem ser-vices,biodiversity conservation,commodity production,and tradeoffs at landscape scales[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2009,7(1):4-11.
[18]	Rebecca C K, Sharp R P,mandle L, et al. Spatial patterns of agri-cultural expansion determine impacts on biodiversity and carbon storage[J]. PNAS,2015,112(24):7402-7407.
[19]	杨芝歌,周彬,余新晓,等. 北京山区生物多样性分析与碳储量评估[J]. 水土保持通报,2012,32(3):42-46.
	[Yang Z G,Zhou B,Yu X X,et al.Biodiversity analysis and carbon storage assessments in Beijingmountainous areas[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,32(3):42-46.]
[20]	康永祥,陈亚萍,李景侠,等. 白龙江流域木本植物区系特征[J]. 西北植物学报,1999,19(2):337-343.
	[Kang Y X,Chen Y P,Li J X,et al.The characteristics of the woody plants flora in Bailongjiang watershed[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,1999,19(2):337-343.]
[21]	郭正刚,刘慧霞,孙学刚,等. 白龙江上游地区森林植物群落物种多样性的研究[J]. 植物生态学报,2003,27(3):388-395.
	[Guo Z G,Liu H X,Sun X G,et al.Characteristics of species diversity of plant communities in the upper reaches of Bailongjiang[J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica,2003,27(3):388-395.]
[22]	冯宜明,车克钧,曹秀文,等. 甘肃省白龙江林区主要森林类型生态服务功能价值评估[J]. 中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(10):102-106.
	[Feng Ym,Che K J,Cao X W,et al.Valuation of eco-service functions ofmajor forest types in Bailongjiang forest region of Gansu province[J]. Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology,2014,34(10):102-106.]
[23]	赵彩霞. 甘肃白龙江流域生态风险评价[D].兰州:兰州大学,2013.
	[Zhao C X.Ecological Risk Assessment in the Bailongjiang Watershed in Southern Gansu[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou university,2013.]
[24]	韩国营. 甘肃省白龙江流域苔类植物的研究[D].济南:山东师范大学,2009.
	[Cao G Y.Study on the Liverworts of Bailongjiang Valley in Gansu Provinces,NW China[D]. Jinan:Shandong Normal University,2009.]
[25]	赵栋,刘锦乾,杨永红,等. 白龙江水源涵养林不同林龄土壤性状[J]. 安徽农业科学,2013,41(32):12616-12619.
	[Zhao D,Liu J Q,Yang Y H,et al.Soil properties of Bailongjiang water con-servation forest in different age[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri.Sci.,2013,41(32):12616-12619.]
[26]	李兴民,车克钧,杨永红,等. 白龙江上游不同海拔森林土壤养分变化规律研究[J]. 甘肃农业大学学报,2014,49(6):131-137.
	[Li Xm,Che K J,Yang Y H,et al.Variation pattern of soil nutrients in forests at different altitudes at upstream of Bailong-jiang River[J]. Journal of Gansu Agricultural University,2014,49(6):131-137.]
[27]	中国科学院中国植被图编辑委员会. 中国植被图集1:1 000 000[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2001.
	[China vegetation map editor committee of Chinese academy of sciences. Vegetation atlas of China 1:1 000 000. Beijing: Science Press,2001]
[28]	方精云,郭兆迪,朴世龙,等. 1981~2000年中国陆地植被碳汇的估算[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,2007,37(6):804-812.
	[Fang J Y,Guo Z D,Pu S L,et al.Estimation of terrestrial vegetation carbon sequestration form 1981 to 2000,China[J]. Science in China(Series D:Earth Science),2007,37(6):804-812.]
[29]	Fang J Y, Yang Y H,ma W H, et al. Ecosystem carbon stocks and their changes in China’s grasslands[J]. Science China-life Sciences,2010,53(7):757-765.
[30]	李克让,王绍强,曹明奎. 中国植被和土壤碳贮量[J]. 中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(1):72-80.
	[Li K R,Wang S Q,Caom K.Vegetation and soil carbon storage in China[J]. Science in China (Series D:Earth Science),2003,33(1):72-80.]
[31]	解宪丽,孙波,周慧珍,等. 中国土壤有机碳密度和储量的估算与空间分布分析[J]. 土壤学报,2004,41(1):35-43.
	[Xie X L,Sun B,Zhou H Z,et al.Soil carbon stocks and their influencing factors under native vegetations in china[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2004,41(1):35-43.]
[32]	张国斌. 岷江上游森林碳储量特征及动态分析[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院,2008.
	[Zhang G B.Forest Carbon Storage Dynamics at the Upper Steam ofminjiang River[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry,2008.]
[33]	黄从德,张健,杨万勤,等. 四川森林土壤有机碳储量的空间分布特征[J]. 生态学报,2008,28(3):966-975.
	[Huang C D,Zhang J,Yang W Q,et al.Dynamics on forest carbon stock in Sichuan province and Chongqing city[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(3):966-975.]
[34]	彭焕华,姜红梅,赵传燕. 甘肃省森林植被碳贮量及空间分布特征分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2010,24(7):154-158.
	[Peng H H,Jiang Hm,Zhao C Y.Carbon storage of forest vegetation and its spatial distribution in Gansu province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2010,24(7):154-158.]
[35]	马琪,刘康,张慧. 陕西省森林植被碳储量及其空间分布[J]. 资源科学,2012,34(9):1781-1789.
	[Ma Q,Liu K,Zhang H.Carbon storage by forest vegetation and its spatial distribution in Shaanxi[J]. Resources Science,2012,34(9):1781-1789.]
[36]	李海奎,雷渊才,曾伟生. 基于森林清查资料的中国森林植被碳储量[J]. 林业科学,2011,47(7):7-12.
	[Li H K,Lei Y C,Zeng W S.Forest carbon storage in China estimated using forestry inventory data[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae,2011,47(7):7-12.]
[37]	丁圣彦,梁国付. 近20年来洛宁县森林植被碳储量及动态变化[J]. 资源科学,2004,26(3):105-108.
	[Ding S Y,Liang G F.Changes of forest vegetation stocks and dynamic change in the past 20 years in Luoning County[J]. Resources Science,2004,26(3):105-108.]
[38]	彭怡,王玉宽,傅斌,等. 汶川地震重灾区生态系统碳储存功能空间格局与地震破坏评估[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(3):798-808.
	[Peng Y,Wang Y K,Fu B,et al.Spatial distribution of carbon storage function and seismic damage in Wenchuan earthquake stricken areas[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(3):798-808.]
[39]	陈智平,李晓兵,赵万奎. 甘肃兴隆山国家级自然保护区主要森林碳汇功能及经济价值评价[J]. 甘肃林业科技,2013,39(3):14-17.
	[Cheng Z P,Li X B,Zhao W K.Evaluation on forest carbon-sink function and economic value of themain forest types in Xinglongshan national nature reserve[J]. Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2013,39(3):14-17.]
[40]	邓蕾. 黄土高原生态系统碳固持对植被恢复的响应机制[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014.
	[Zheng L.Respondingmechanism of Ecosystem Carbon Sequestration Benefits to Vegetation Restoration on the Loess Plateau of China[D]. Yangling:North West Agriculture and Forestry University,2014.]
[41]	曹扬,陈云明,晋蓓,等. 陕西省森林植被碳储量、碳密度及其空间分布格局[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2014,28(9):69-73.
	[Cao Y,Chen Ym,Jin B,et al.Carbon storage and density of forest vegetation and its spatial distribution pattern in Shaanxi province[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(9):69-73.]
[42]	黄从红. 基于InVEST模型的生态系统服务功能研究-以四川宝兴县和北京门头沟区为例[D]. 北京:北京林业大学,2014.
	[Huang C H.Ecosystem Services Evaluation Based on the InVESTmodel:Case Studies in Baoxing County,Sichuan andmentougou District,Beijing[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2014.]
[43]	袁志芬. 基于InVEST 模型的四川省宝兴县生态系统服务功能动态评估[D]. 湘潭:湖南科技大学,2014.
	[Yuan Z F.Dynamics Evaluation of Ecosystem Services Based on InVESTmodel in Baoxing County,Sichuan Province,China[D]. Xiangtan:Hunan University of Science and Technology,2014.]
[44]	甘肃省土壤普查办公室. 甘肃土壤[M]. 北京:农业出版社,1992.
	[Gansu Province Soil Census Office. Gansu Soil[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Publishing House,1992.]
[45]	王绍强,刘纪远,于贵瑞. 中国陆地土壤有机碳蓄积量估算误差分析[J]. 应用生态学报,2003,14(5):797-802.
	[Wang Z Q,Liu J Y,Yu G R.Error analysis of estimating terrestrial soil organic carbon storage in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):797-802.]
[46]	王渊刚,罗格平,冯异星,等. 天山北麓不同土地覆被下土壤有机碳垂直分布特征[J]. 干旱区研究,2013,30(5):913-918.
	[Wang Y G,Luo G P,Feng Y X,et al.Vertical distribution of soil organic carbon in different land cover types in northern piedmont of the Tianshanmountains[J]. Arid Zone Research,2013,30(5):913-918.]
[47]	成向荣,虞木奎,吴统贵,等. 立地条件对麻栎人工林碳储量的影响[J]. 生态环境学报,2012,21(10):1674-1677.
	[Cheng X R,Yum K,Wu T G,et al.Effect of site condition on carbon storage of Quercus acutissima plantations[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2012,21(10):1674-1677.]
[48]	邢可霞,郭怀成. 环境模型不确定性分析方法综述[J]. 环境科学与技术,2006,29(5):112-115.
	[Xing K X,Guo H C.Review on uncertainty analysismethods in environmentmodel[J]. Environ-mental Science & Technology,2006,29(5):112-115.]
[49]	黄从红,杨军,张文娟. 生态系统服务功能评估模型研究进展[J]. 生态学杂志,2013,32(12):3360-3367.
	[Huang C H,Yang J,Zhang W J.Development of ecosystem services evalu-ationmodels:Research progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(12):3360-3367.]