资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1465-1475.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.08.06
颜丙金1,2(), 张捷1,2(
), 李莉1,2, 彭红松1,2, 郑春晖1,2, 钱莉莉1,2
收稿日期:
2016-04-30
修回日期:
2016-07-05
出版日期:
2016-08-25
发布日期:
2016-08-25
作者简介:
作者简介:颜丙金,男,河北邯郸人,博士生,主要从事黑色旅游、游客体验及旅游经济研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
YAN Bingjin1,2(), ZHANG Jie1,2(
), LI Li1,2, PENG Hongsong1,2, ZHENG Chunhui1,2, QIAN Lili1,2
Received:
2016-04-30
Revised:
2016-07-05
Online:
2016-08-25
Published:
2016-08-25
摘要:
自然灾害型景观的游客体验能够为此类资源的旅游开发和管理提供一定的理论借鉴。本文运用探索性因子分析判定北川地震景观游客体验维度,同时揭示了游客体验整体均值的时空差异,并利用非参数检验揭示其社会属性和空间差异,相关研究结论可以为灾害型景观资源管理及其可持续利用提供一定的借鉴作用。研究结果显示:①自然灾害型景观游客体验可从情感和认知两方面解释,具体包括道德型、个人型、教育型以及学习型体验;②同情等道德体验是自然灾害型景观游客体验的主基调,且并未因游客性别、职业和受教育程度等影响产生组别间的差异性,一定程度上说明游客受灾害型景观的影响更易产生情感体验,且不同组别和不同客源地的游客对教育型体验相关选项均给予较高的赋值;③自然灾害型景观游客体验存在时空差异,情感和认知体验均随时间产生了一定的变化,且灾害发生地(四川)游客有着更为强烈的情感和认知认同,其中除个人型体验外,四川省内样本中各维度灾害型景观体验均值高于非四川游客,且个人型和教育型体验在受教育程度上呈现出一定的区域差异,而学习型体验分别在性别和受教育程度上存在显著的地域差异性。
颜丙金, 张捷, 李莉, 彭红松, 郑春晖, 钱莉莉. 自然灾害型景观游客体验的感知差异分析[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1465-1475.
YAN Bingjin,ZHANG Jie,LI Li,PENG Hongsong,ZHENG Chunhui,QIAN Lili. Differences in tourists’ experiences of post-disaster landscapes[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1465-1475.
表1
样本描述性统计"
评价项目 | 频数 | 比例/% | 评价项目 | 频数 | 比例/% | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 309 | 52.82 | 受教育程度 | 小学及以下 | 28 | 4.79 |
女 | 276 | 47.18 | 初中 | 123 | 21.03 | ||
年龄/岁 | ≤14 | 14 | 2.39 | 高中/中专 | 162 | 27.69 | |
15~24 | 125 | 21.37 | 专科/本科 | 239 | 40.85 | ||
25~44 | 351 | 60.00 | 硕士及以上 | 33 | 5.64 | ||
45~64 | 86 | 14.70 | 职业 | 公务员 | 26 | 4.44 | |
≥65 | 9 | 1.54 | 企事业管理人员 | 65 | 11.11 | ||
月收入/元 | ≤1 500 | 177 | 30.26 | 专业/文教技术人员 | 61 | 10.43 | |
1 501~3 500 | 188 | 32.14 | 服务销售商贸人员 | 89 | 15.21 | ||
3 501~5 000 | 133 | 22.74 | 工人 | 62 | 10.60 | ||
5 001~8 000 | 53 | 9.06 | 农民 | 63 | 10.77 | ||
8 001~12 500 | 19 | 3.25 | 军人 | 9 | 1.54 | ||
≥12 501 | 15 | 2.56 | 学生 | 74 | 12.65 | ||
客源地 | 四川省 | 421 | 71.97 | 离退休职工 | 15 | 2.56 | |
非四川省 | 164 | 28.03 | 其他职业人员 | 121 | 20.68 | ||
样本总计 | 585 |
表2
自然灾害型景观游客体验因子分析"
序号 | 题项 | 道德 | 个人 | 教育 | 学习 | 均值 | 方差 | 总体相 关系数 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
道德型 | EXP11 | 同情逝去的同胞 | 0.821(0.820) | 4.712 | 0.364 | 0.619 | |||
体验 | EXP10 | 体会到幸存者和经历者伤痛 | 0.788(0.780) | 4.590 | 0.494 | 0.559 | |||
因子 | EXP12 | 同情地震幸存者和经历者 | 0.768(0.770) | 4.649 | 0.347 | 0.534 | |||
个人型 | EXP7 | 相比下自己没有亲朋好友遭难 | 0.858(0.858) | 3.774 | 1.733 | 0.609 | |||
体验 | EXP8 | 相比下自己没有灾难的经历 | 0.848(0.848) | 4.065 | 1.480 | 0.644 | |||
因子 | EXP9 | 相比下自己的生活很幸福 | 0.648(0.648) | 4.443 | 0.615 | 0.455 | |||
教育型 | EXP1 | 一方有难八方支援理念很重要 | 0.932(0.926) | 3.960 | 1.581 | 0.788 | |||
体验 | EXP2 | 防灾减灾意识很重要 | 0.920(0.913) | 3.939 | 1.467 | 0.772 | |||
因子 | EXP3 | 建筑物抗震级别很重要 | 0.662(0.642) | 4.171 | 1.219 | 0.529 | |||
学习型 | EXP5 | 地震的伤亡很大 | 0.880(0.827) | 4.606 | 0.426 | 0.429 | |||
体验 | EXP6 | 地震的后果很严重 | 0.709(0.741) | 4.312 | 0.848 | 0.428 | |||
因子 | EXP4 | 地震的级别很高 | (0.522) | (0.037) | (0.015) | (0.613) | - | - | - |
特征值 | 3.12(3.470) | 2.29(2.450) | 1.32(1.320) | 1.04(1.070) | |||||
方差贡献率(%) | 28.36(28.880) | 20.82(20.380) | 11.96(11.010) | 9.41(8.900) | |||||
Cronbach’ α | 0.741 | 0.724 | 0.830 | 0.657 |
表4
自然灾害型景观游客体验的组间地域性差异"
组别 | 省份 | 统计指数 | 道德 | 个人 | 教育 | 学习 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 四川 | Z值 | -0.308 | -0.392 | -1.383 | -1.810 |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.385 | 0.349 | 0.081 | 0.035* | ||
非四川 | Z值 | -0.520 | -0.220 | -1.496 | -1.149 | |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.305 | 0.411 | 0.069 | 0.126 | ||
年龄 | 四川 | 卡方值 | 53.955 | 69.300 | 57.526 | 50.747 |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.479 | 0.055 | 0.333 | 0.624 | ||
非四川 | 卡方值 | 40.499 | 30.217 | 48.768 | 48.276 | |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.675 | 0.986 | 0.233 | 0.250 | ||
月收入 | 四川 | 卡方值 | 5.775 | 3.968 | 4.267 | 5.431 |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.330 | 0.563 | 0.512 | 0.367 | ||
非四川 | 卡方值 | 3.617 | 1.798 | 2.443 | 2.836 | |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.614 | 0.881 | 0.793 | 0.722 | ||
职业 | 四川 | 卡方值 | 8.586 | 8.372 | 19.227 | 5.761 |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.484 | 0.504 | 0.022* | 0.774 | ||
非四川 | 卡方值 | 3.885 | 3.955 | 23.512 | 10.982 | |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.927 | 0.921 | 0.003** | 0.276 | ||
教育程度 | 四川 | 卡方值 | 4.871 | 4.306 | 12.271 | 9.448 |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.303 | 0.365 | 0.017* | 0.046* | ||
非四川 | 卡方值 | 4.539 | 12.566 | 4.520 | 3.225 | |
Monte Carlo 显著性 | 0.341 | 0.009 | 0.354 | 0.532 |
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