旅游消费的资源环境效应研究框架及其作用机理探析

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.08.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旅游消费属于典型的异地消费,在给旅游目的地带来积极的社会经济效益的同时,旅游消费也对旅游目的地乃至区域的资源环境产生重要影响。旅游消费的资源环境效应研究是资源生态学和旅游地理学的重要研究内容,目前系统性的研究不足,理论研究框架有待进一步完善。本研究在系统分析已有文献和归纳前期研究成果基础上,评述了旅游消费资源环境效应的相关研究进展和现状,重点从旅游消费体系的视角,系统阐述了旅游消费资源环境效应的分析框架和重点内容,并进一步归纳总结了旅游消费资源环境影响机理:①旅游消费的异地消费特征改变了区域原有的资源分配格局;②旅游消费内容的变化改变了区域资源供给结构和流动效率;③旅游消费驱动的资源异地供给增加了资源消费的环境影响;④旅游消费的突发性和集中性挑战着旅游目的地综合环境承载能力。最后,提出了现阶段旅游消费资源环境效应研究的重点方向和领域。

关键词: 旅游消费, 资源成本, 环境影响, 作用机理, 研究框架

Abstract:

With continuous improvement in living standards and the rapid development of tourism,tourism consumption is becoming an important part of daily life and one kind of social phenomenon which is increasingly popular. Tourism consumption behavior is a typical off-site consumption process. While bringing positive tourism revenue to the local government and community,tourism consumption impacts regional resources and environments through large-scale population movement across regions. However, systematic research on the resource and environmental effects of tourism consumption are lacking and a theoretical research framework has not yet been formed. Here,we use document analysis and inductive methods to review research progress into the resource and environmental effects of tourism consumption. We elaborate on the analysis framework of resources and environmental effects of tourism consumption from the perspective of tourism consumption system of ‘six elements’. The mechanism of the resources and environmental impact of tourism consumption is summarized. We argue that tourism consumption drives new space -oriented resource consumption,and then changes the spatial distribution of the flow of resources. It can also lead to the centralization of resources and information flow to the tourism destination from the relatively decentralized source market. Tourism consumption affects regional resources and environments the following ways:（1）the characteristics of off-site consumption of tourism consumption has changed the pattern of the original allocation of resources;（2）changes in tourists’ consumption content changes the regional resource flow efficiency and supply structure;（3）resources provided by long distance driven by tourist consumption increase the environment impact of resources consumption;or （4）the burstability and centrality of tourism consumption challenges the integrated environmental carrying capacity of the tourism destination. We conclude by proposing specific research foci.

Key words: tourism consumption, resource costs, environmental impact, mechanism, research framework

王灵恩, 钟林生, 成升魁. 旅游消费的资源环境效应研究框架及其作用机理探析[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1452-1464.

WANG Ling'en,ZHONG Linsheng,CHENG Shengkui. Analysis of resource and environmental effects of tourism consumption and mechanisms[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(8): 1452-1464.

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大类	子项	参与者总人数比例 /%	旅游活动能耗系数 /（MJ/人次）	大类人均旅游活动能耗系数 /（MJ/人次）
旅游	植物园	18	12.3	9.87
吸引物	主题公园	36	13.8
	自然观光	65	8.5
	文化景观	15	3.5
项目娱乐	观看演出	16	16.6	15.59
	节庆会展	9	13.8
体育休闲	垂钓	8	26.5	55.25
活动	潜水/游泳	37	67.1
	冲浪/沙滩	29	35.1
	温泉/休闲度假	13	13.0
	高尔夫	4	95.1
	游轮/游艇	2	438.3

食物品种	省、直辖市、自治区（占比）
猪肉	甘肃（50%）/宁夏（20%）/河南（10%）/新疆（10%）/本地（10%）
牛肉	甘肃（50%）/宁夏（20%）/青海（10%）/本地（20%）
羊肉	青海（20%）/甘肃（15%）/宁夏（5%）/本地（60%）
禽肉	山东（70%）/河南（20%）/本地（10%）
水产品	四川（40%）/重庆（30%）/甘肃（20%）/本地（10%）
蛋类	新疆（65%）/甘肃（30%）/本地（5%）
蔬菜	陕西（20%）/甘肃（20%）/山东（10%）/本地（50%）
大米	黑龙江（60%）/安徽（15%）/江苏（10%）/四川（10%）/湖北（5%）
面食	河南（45%）/江苏（25%）/山东（20%）/本地（10%）
水果	山西（30%）/新疆（20%）/云南（10%）/本地（40%）
酒水	四川（25%）/贵州（25%）/本地（50%）