基于MDS和模糊逻辑的黄河三角洲土壤质量评估

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.07.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黄河三角洲土地资源丰富,但降水与蒸发严重失衡,土壤受盐渍化及污染影响严重。为获取该地区土壤质量现状,本研究选取了多个物理和化学指标,利用最小数据集理论,构建适合于研究区土壤质量评估的指标体系,然后采用模糊逻辑模型对土壤质量现状进行评估,并结合土地利用现状分析了主要土地利用类型在不同土壤等级上的分布情况。研究结果表明：经筛选后,黄河三角洲土壤质量评价最小数据集包括pH、TN、AP、AK、有机质和土壤盐分;评估结果显示在空间上土壤质量内陆高于沿海,以中部黄河与刁口河相交处为最优;土壤质量整体上以中等级为主,其中三级类型占比最大为31.22%,农田、园地、林地等主要分布在三级以上土壤,但有部分在低级土壤上存在,而且优质土壤上也存在较多的闲置土地,土地资源利用存在不合理性,有待进一步的优化配置。

关键词: 最小数据集, 土壤质量, 模糊逻辑, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

The Yellow River Delta has abundant land resources,however,because of long-term exposure to harsh natural conditions and improper human activity,the soil has degenerated and affected agricultural development and ecological protection. This study selected multiple physical and chemical indicators and principal component analysis to construct a minimum data set to determine indicators for soil quality assessment in the Yellow River Delta. Fuzzy Logic Model was used to finish the soil quality assessment and we analyzed the spatial distribution of main land use types across different soil quality grades. The results show that the minimum data set include six soil indices：TN,AP,AK,soil organic matter,all salt and pH. The assessment result maps for soil index values all showed spatial distribution regularities,soil salt content reduced gradually from coasts to inland,and TN and AP had the opposite characteristics. AK and pH showed an even distribution around the study area and soil organic matter content was high in the central area and reduced gradually to the edges. The soil quality value was higher in inland than coastal areas,most of the study area was of a level 3 grade according to the classifications of integrated fertility indexes for fluvo-aquic soils in China. Most farmland,forest and garden had high-class soil,but some were still distributed among level 5 or level 6 and lots of unused land had high soil levels,indicating that land resources in the study area have not been planned appropriately.

Key words: minimum data set, soil quality, Fuzzy Logic Model, Yellow River Delta

吴春生, 刘高焕, 黄翀, 刘庆生, 管续栋. 基于MDS和模糊逻辑的黄河三角洲土壤质量评估[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(7): 1275-1286.

WU Chunsheng,LIU Gaohuan,HUANG Chong,LIU Qingsheng,GUAN Xudong. Soil quality assessment of the Yellow River Delta based on MDS and Fuzzy Logic Model[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(7): 1275-1286.

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	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准差	变异系数	偏度	峰度	K-S检验
有机质/%	0.08	3.01	1.00	0.54	54.17	1.17	1.74	0.16
TN/%	0.01	0.18	0.06	0.03	49.78	0.95	1.33	0.45
AK/（mg/kg）	47.98	394.70	131.80	70.94	53.83	1.69	3.02	0.01
AP/（mg/kg）	1.89	36.95	10.45	6.89	65.90	1.45	2.34	0.06
黏粒/%	0.00	15.50	6.30	3.43	54.43	0.10	-0.19	0.86
粉粒/%	9.26	88.47	36.83	16.87	45.81	0.64	0.02	0.53
砂粒/%	8.90	89.81	56.88	19.31	33.94	-0.53	-0.34	0.76
盐分/%	0.01	3.00	0.54	0.66	122.86	1.97	3.42	0.00
湿度/%	13.40	181.10	42.71	23.96	56.11	2.55	10.12	0.00
pH	7.65	8.82	8.16	0.24	2.99	0.26	-0.39	0.26

	有机质	TN	AK	AP	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	盐分	湿度	pH
有机质	1.00
TN	0.46**	1.00
AK	0.40**	0.39**	1.00
AP	0.16	0.42**	0.22*	1.00
黏粒	-0.07	0.32**	0.35**	0.20*	1.00
粉粒	0.31**	0.60**	0.57**	0.14	0.66**	1.00
砂粒	-0.25**	-0.58**	-0.56**	-0.16	-0.76**	-0.99**	1.00
盐分	0.04	-0.02	0.24*	-0.12	-0.01	-0.06	0.06	1.00
湿度	-0.14	-0.20*	0.16	-0.21*	-0.06	-0.02	0.02	0.35**	1.00
pH	-0.09	-0.01	-0.15	0.03	0.18	0.23*	-0.23*	-0.10	-0.22*	1.00
注：*、分别为在1%和5%水平下显著相关。

	有机质	TN	AK	AP	黏粒	粉粒	砂粒	盐分	湿度	pH
主成分1	0.43	0.74	0.68	0.37	0.71	0.93	-0.94	-0.02	-0.11	0.17
主成分2	0.18	-0.04	0.48	-0.24	-0.11	0.00	0.02	0.70	0.73	-0.54
主成分3	0.64	0.39	0.12	0.50	-0.46	-0.22	0.27	-0.11	-0.35	-0.42

分组	土壤要素	Norm	决定系数		正态变换			分值	是否入选
分组	土壤要素	Norm	土地利用	土壤类型			Norm	土地利用	土壤类型
1	TN	1.50	0.03	0.10	0.82	1.00	0.13	1.95	是
1	AK	1.44	0.19	0.02	0.79	0.21	0.97	1.97	是
1	黏粒	1.47	0.11	0.02	0.81	0.23	0.56	1.60	否
1	粉粒	1.80	0.00	0.03	0.98	0.25	0.02	1.25	否
1	砂粒	1.82	0.02	0.02	1.00	0.17	0.10	1.27	否
2	盐分	0.92	0.19	0.06	0.50	0.57	1.00	2.07	是
2	湿度	1.05	0.13	0.00	0.58	0.01	0.66	1.25	否
3	pH	0.91	0.06	0.05	0.50	0.47	0.31	1.29	是
4	有机质	1.15	0.11	0.01	0.63	0.06	0.57	1.26	是
5	AP	0.98	0.14	0.09	0.54	0.88	0.75	2.16	是

土壤要素	适宜范围	b	d	要素趋向
TN/%	0.01~0.075	0.075	0.025	正向型
AP/（mg/kg）	5~25	25	15	正向型
AK/（mg/kg）	30~200	200	100	正向型
pH	7.5~9.0	7.5	0.75	负向型
盐分/%	0.1~0.6	0.1	0.3	负向型
有机质/%	0.6~1.5	1.5	0.5	正向型