太行山丘陵区降水时空分布特征及影响因素分析——以崇陵流域为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.06.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效利用太行山丘陵区降水资源,实现科学的水资源管理和生态建设,采用线性回归模型以及Mann-Kendall趋势性检验方法对崇陵流域6个降水观测点的降水数据（2005-2014年4-10月）进行时空分布特征分析。结果表明, 2005-2014年4-10月崇陵流域降水量波动明显,无明显上升或下降趋势,年内降水主要集中于6-9月,5月降水量呈显著减小趋势;研究区降水日数逐渐减小（-1.22 d/a）,小雨量级降水对研究区降水资源的贡献率达50%以上,大雨及大雨以上量级降水出现频率近年来呈增加趋势（0.19 d/a）;崇陵流域降水量的空间分布不均,流域上游年降水量明显小于下游。认为植被覆盖是导致崇陵流域降水时空分布存在差异的主要因素,太行山丘陵区的油松、侧柏和刺槐等森林植被显著增加了区内的降水量。

关键词: 降水, 时空分布, 太行山丘陵区, 影响因素, 崇陵流域

Abstract:

Chongling catchment is located in the northeast of Taihang Mountains. Based on precipitation event data from six observation points from 2005 to 2014 （April to October）in the Chongling catchment,temporal（annual,monthly,daily and hourly）and spatial characteristics of precipitation and other factors were analyzed using linear regression and Mann-Kendall trend tests. A significant uneven distribution was found in temporal and spatial analysis of precipitation data. Precipitation amount from April to October in different years changed sharply without any significant increase or decrease tendency. Precipitation from June to September contributed more than 70% of the whole year. Precipitation amount under monthly time scale showed only precipitation in May had a significant decrease tendency. Precipitation days decreased with a slope of 1.22 days/year over the last 10 years. Light rain （less than 10 mm/day）is the main type of precipitation in the catchment which contributed more than 50% of total precipitation resources. However,the frequency of heavy rain significantly increased with a slope of 0.19 days/yr which certified a potential threat of extreme precipitation still exists. For spatial analysis of precipitation,the observation points on downstream have more precipitation amounts than points on upstream. Combined with the method of control variable,it can be concluded that vegetation cover played an important role in rainfall distribution in the Chongling catchment and hilly area of Taihang Mountains. Pine, Arborvitae and Acacia can significantly increase reginal precipitation amount.

Key words: precipitation, temporal and spatial distribution, hilly area of Taihang Mountains, influencing factor, Chongling catchment

田恬, 宋献方, 杨丽虎, 张应华, 卜红梅. 太行山丘陵区降水时空分布特征及影响因素分析——以崇陵流域为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(6): 1192-1202.

TIAN Tian,SONG Xianfang,YANG Lihu,ZHANG Yinghua,BU Hongmei. Spatial-temporal variation and factors affecting precipitation in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(6): 1192-1202.

图/表 10

图1

图2

表1

2005-2014年崇陵流域月降水趋势检验结果"

月份	平均贡献率 /%	线性拟合公式	R²	P	Z_e
4	3	$y = - 0.76 x + 26.26$	0.015	0.740	-0.72
5	8	$y = - 7.20 x + 83.55$	0.683	0.003	-2.50
6	16	$y = 7.16 x + 48.74$	0.204	0.190	1.07
7	29	$y = 5.56 x + 135.98$	0.037	0.593	0.53
8	22	$y = - 7.13 x + 162.24$	0.188	0.211	-0.89
9	15	$y = 7.41 x + 42.45$	0.242	0.149	0.89
10	3	$y = - 0.89 x + 22.46$	0.016	0.730	0.54

表1

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

图8

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年份	小雨	中雨	大雨	暴雨	大暴雨
2005	55.15	11.48	15.51	17.86	0
2006	59.21	26.83	13.97	0	0
2007	54.39	14.28	20.26	11.07	0
2008	55.13	30.08	14.79	0	0
2009	58.52	16.45	10.45	0	14.58
2010	60.99	20.20	12.13	6.68	0
2011	55.48	14.10	16.12	14.29	0
2012	54.83	7.39	16.13	11.45	10.20
2013	52.92	14.16	20.01	12.91	0
2014	40.07	40.96	18.97	0	0
平均	54.67	19.59	15.83	7.43	2.48