基于问卷调查的内蒙古典型草原牧区气候灾害时空格局与应对措施

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.05.16

资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 970-981.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.05.16

基于问卷调查的内蒙古典型草原牧区气候灾害时空格局与应对措施

韩鹏^1,²(), 闫慧敏¹(), 黄河清¹, 白雪红^1,³, 吴怀静⁴

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
2. 河南社会科学院城市与环境研究所,郑州 450002
3. 中国科学院大学,北京100049
4. 华北水利水电大学建筑学院,郑州 450046

收稿日期:2015-11-03 修回日期:2016-04-25 出版日期:2016-05-25 发布日期:2016-05-23
作者简介:
作者简介:韩鹏,男,河南省南阳人,博士,主要研究领域为自然资源管理、资源经济、资源生态。E-mail:hanpeng@foxmail.com
基金资助:
科技部国家国际科技合作专项项目（2013DFA91700）;国家自然科学基金（41071344）;国家社科基金（14CJY050）

Spatial-temporal distributions and countermeasures to climate disasters based on pastoral household questionnaires in typical grassland pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia

HAN Peng^1,²(), YAN Huimin¹(), HUANG Heqing¹, BAI Xuehong^1,³, WU Huaijing⁴

1. Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
2. Institute of Urban Development,Henan Academy of Social Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
4. School of Architecture,North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power,Zhengzhou 450046,China

Received:2015-11-03 Revised:2016-04-25 Online:2016-05-25 Published:2016-05-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

牧户是草原牧区的最基本经济社会单元,对气候灾害极为敏感。基于问卷访谈获取的第一手数据,本文对内蒙古典型草原牧区主要气候灾害的时空分布和区域应对措施进行了系统分析。结果表明:①研究区内雪灾发生几率自东向西递减趋势显著,多次雪灾和多次严重雪灾分别主要发生在以锡林郭勒盟为代表的中部地区中东部与南部和以呼伦贝尔为代表的东部地区;而降水量居中的内蒙古中部区域旱灾发生的几率略高于干旱的西部地区,尤其是在夏秋季节中部和东部牧区更易受到干旱的威胁;②旱灾发生时,牧户主要通过灾中转场放牧、购买草饲料、出售牲畜等措施应对,而雪灾应对措施则主要以购买草饲料为主,东部地区和中部地区相当比例的牧户采取了在秋季备足草料的预防措施;③政府采取以尽快恢复生活为主的实物帮助和以增强恢复生产能力为辅的资金帮助对应对旱灾和雪灾效果显著。

关键词: 内蒙古典型草原牧区, 牧户问卷调查, 气候灾害, 分布格局, 应对措施

Abstract:

Herder households are the smallest economic and social units of grassland use in China and highly sensitive to climate disasters. Based on data from questionnaire surveys we conducted a systematic study to discover the spatial-temporal distributions and countermeasures to climate disasters in pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia, the biggest pastoral area in China. We found that the probability of snow disasters have a minimized trend from east to west,and serious disasters take place mainly in the central-eastern area （represented by Xilingol League）and eastern area （represented by Hulun buir League）. The odds of drought in the central area,which has a medium level of precipitation,are slightly higher than in the west （the driest place of the three areas） and the central and eastern areas easily suffer from drought in summer and autumn. When droughts take place,pastoral households mainly graze elsewhere,buy forage and grass,and sell animals. Meanwhile,herdspeople in the study area mainly deal with snow disasters by buying forage and a considerable proportion of pastoral households in the central and eastern areas take preparing enough forge in autumn as preventive action. Government measures such as supplying forage and money have a significant impact on reconstruction after drought and dzud disasters.

Key words: typical grassland pastoral area in Inner Mongolia, herdsmen questionnaires, climate disaster, spatial-temporal distribution, countermeasures

韩鹏, 闫慧敏, 黄河清, 白雪红, 吴怀静. 基于问卷调查的内蒙古典型草原牧区气候灾害时空格局与应对措施[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(5): 970-981.

HAN Peng,YAN Huimin,HUANG Heqing,BAI Xuehong,WU Huaijing. Spatial-temporal distributions and countermeasures to climate disasters based on pastoral household questionnaires in typical grassland pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(5): 970-981.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表1

图6

图7

参考文献 22

[22]	[Ji J J,Huang M,Liu Q.Modeling studies of response mechanism of steppe productivity to climate change in middle latitude semiarid regions in China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica,2005,63(3):257-266.]
[23]	孙小明,赵昕奕. 气候变化背景下我国北方农牧交错带生态风险评价[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(4):713-720.
	[Sun X M,Zhao X Y.Assessment of ecological risk to climate change of the farming-pastoral zigzag zone in Northern China[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2009,45(4):713-720.]
[24]	王明玖,张存厚. 内蒙古草地气候变化及对畜牧业的影响分析[J]. 内蒙古草业,2013,25(1):5-12.
	[Wang M J,Zhang C H.Climate change in Inner Mongolia grassland and the effects on pastural animal husbandry[J]. Inner Mongolia Prataculture,2013,25(1):5-12.]
[25]	韩鹏,黄河清,甄霖,等. 内蒙古农牧交错带两种生态补偿模式效应对比分析[J]. 资源科学,2010,32(5):838-848.
	[Han P,Huang H Q,Zhen L,et al.A comparative analysis of the effects of two eco-compensation modes in the farming-pastoral zone of the Inner Mongolia[J]. Resources Science,2010,32(5):838-848.]
[26]	内蒙古自治区气象局. 内蒙古自治区志·气象志[M]. 北京:气象出版社,2005.
	[ Meteorological Administration of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Local Chronicles of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region:Meteorological Chronicles[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press,2005.]
[27]	内蒙古自治区统计局. 内蒙古统计年鉴2014[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
	[Statistics Bureau of Inner Mongolia Autono-mous Region. Inner Mongolia Statistical Yearbook 2014[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2014.]
[28]	国家统计局. 国家数据查询[EB/OL]. [2015-10-29]. .
	[National Bureau of Statistics of China. National Data Engine[EB/OL]. [2015-10-29]. .]
[29]	国家统计局内蒙古调查总队. 内蒙古经济社会调查年鉴2014[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社,2014.
	[Inner Mongolia Survey Office of National Bureau of Statistics of China. Inner Mongolia Economic and Social Survey Yearbook 2014[M]. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2014.]
[30]	周旗,郁耀闯. 关中地区公众气候变化感知的时空变异[J]. 地理研究,2009,28(1):45-54.
	[Zhou Q,Yu Y C.Spatio-temporal variation of public perception on climate change in the Guanzhong area[J]. Geographical Research,2009,28(1):45-54.]
[31]	Cohen B L.Public perception versus results of scientific risk analysis[J]. Reliability Engineering and System Safety,1998,59(1):101-105.
[32]	Pidgeon N.Risk assessment,risk values and the social science programme:Why we do need risk perception research[J]. Reliabi-lity Engineering and System Safety,1998,59(1):5-15.
[1]	科学技术部社会发展科技司,中国21世纪议程管理中心. 适应气候变化国家战略研究[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2011.
	[Department of Social Development of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Administrative Center for China's Agenda 21 Agenda 21. Studies on National Strategy of Climate Change Adaptation[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2011.]
[2]	萨楚拉,刘桂香,包刚,等. 内蒙古积雪面积时空变化及其对气候响应[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2013,27(2):137-142.
	[Sa C L,Liu G X,Bao G,et al.The spatial and temporal changes of snow cover in Inner Mongolia and their responses to climate[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2013,27(2):137-142.]
[3]	侯慧姝,杨宏业,王秀梅. 基于Modis影像的内蒙古草原积雪监测[J]. 测绘科学,2010,35(4):117-119.
	[Hou H S,Yang H Y,Wang X M.Snow cover monitoring of Inner Mongolian grassland based on MODIS images[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping,2010,35(4):117-119.]
[4]	黄晓东,梁天刚. 牧区雪灾遥感监测方法的研究[J]. 草业科学,2005,22(12):10-16.
	[Huang X D,Liang T G.Study on the remotely sensed monitoring method of snow disaster in pastoral area[J]. Pratacultural Science,2005,22(12):10-16.]
[5]	赵俊芳,郭建平. 内蒙古草原生长季干旱预测统计模型研究[J]. 草业科学,2009,26(5):14-19.
	[Zhao J F,Guo J P.Study on statistic models of drought prediction for grassland in Inner Mongolia[J]. Pratacultural Science,2009,26(5):14-19.]
[6]	李友文,刘寿东. 内蒙古牧区黑、白灾监测模式及等级指标的研制[J]. 应用气象学报,2000,11(4):499-504.
	[Li Y W,Liu S D.A study of models for monitoring winter drought and heavy snow and the determination of grading indexes in the animal husbandry area of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region[J]. Quarterly Journal of Applied Meteorology,2000,11(4):499-504.]
[7]	佟长福,郭克贞,佘国英,等. 西北牧区干旱指标分析及旱情实时监测模型研究[J]. 节水灌溉,2007,(3):6-9.
	[Tong C F,Guo K Z,She G Y,et al.Analysis of drought indices and study on real-time monitoring model for drought in pasturing area of Northwest China[J]. Water Saving Irrigation,2007,(3):6-9.]
[8]	闫慧敏,陈伟娜,杨方兴,等. 过去50年内蒙古极端气候事件时空格局特征[J]. 地理研究,2014,33(1):13-22.
	[Yan H M,Chen W N,Yang F X,et al.The spatial and temporal analysis of extreme climatic events in Inner Mongolia during the past 50 years[J]. Geographical Research,2014,33(1):13-22.]
[9]	白美兰,郝润全,高建峰,等. 内蒙古地区极端气候事件分布特征及对农业影响评估[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2009,27(2):21-27.
	[Bai M L,Hao R Q,Gao J F,et al.Distribution character of extreme climatic events and evaluation of its influence on agriculture in Inner Mongolia[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2009,27(2):21-27.]
[10]	郝璐,王静爱,张化. 内蒙古草地畜牧业系统旱灾风险评价模型[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报,2008,16(3):414-424.
	[Hao L,Wang J A,Zhang H.Drought risk assessment model to animal husbandry systems in Inner Mongolia pastures[J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2008,16(3):414-424.]
[11]	李兴华,陈素华. 内蒙古草地干旱损失评估方法研究[J]. 草业科学,2012,29(7):1033-1038.
	[Li X H,Chen S H.Assessment method of grassland loss from drought damage in Inner Mongolia[J]. Pratacultural Science,2012,29(7):1033-1038.]
[12]	李海红,李锡福,张海珍,等. 中国牧区雪灾等级指标研究[J]. 青海气象,2006,(1):24-27.
	[Li H H,Li X F,Zhang H Z,et al.Studies on the indices of the grade of pastoral area snow disaster in China[J]. Journal of Qinghai Meteorology,2006,(1):24-27.]
[13]	董芳蕾. 内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原雪灾灾情评价与等级区划研究[D]. 长春:东北师范大学,2008.
	[Dong F L.A Study on Disaster Assessment and Grade Classification of Grassland Snow Disaster in Xilinguole League of Inner Mongolia[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2008.]
[14]	郝璐,王静爱,史培军,等. 草地畜牧业雪灾脆弱性评价-以内蒙古牧区为例[J]. 自然灾害学报,2003,12(2):51-57.
	[Hao L,Wang J A,Shi P J,et al.Vulnerability assessment of regional snow disaster of animal husbandry:Taking pasture of Inner Mongolia as an example[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2003,12(2):51-57.]
[15]	杨婷婷,吴新宏,李鹏,等. 中国北方草原区县域气候变化脆弱性评价指标体系构建和分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境,2012,26(1):113-116.
	[Yang T T,Wu X H,Li P,et al.Construction of the vulnerability evaluation index system for climate change in steppe area of northern China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2012,26(1):113-116.]
[16]	石彦,杨庆媛,周旗,等. 半干旱区居民旱灾感知的初步研究-以陕西省关中平原西部为例[J]. 灾害学,2008,23(2):24-28.
	[Shi Y,Yang Q Y,Zhou Q,et al.The study on drought perception of residents in semiarid areas:A case study of Western Guan-zhong plain in Shannxi Province[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2008,23(2):24-28.]
[17]	谭灵芝,马长发. 中国干旱区农户气候变化感知及适应性行为研究[J]. 水土保持通报,2014,23(1):220-225.
	[Tang L Z,Ma C F.Farmers' perceptions of climate change and their adapting behaviors in arid region of China[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,23(1):220-225.]
[18]	汪韬,李文军,李艳波. 干旱半干旱区牧民对气候变化的感知及应对行为分析-基于内蒙古克什克腾旗的案例研究[J]. 北京大学学报:自然科学版,2012,48(2):285-295.
	[Wang T,Li W J,Li Y B.Pastoralists' perception and adaptive actions to climate change in arid and semi-arid area:A case study in Hexigten Banner,Inner Mongolia[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2012,48(2):285-295.]
[19]	Mertz O,Mbow C,Reenberg A,et al.Farmers’ perceptions of climate change and agricultural adaptation strategies in rural Sahel[J]. Environmental Management,2009,43(5):804-816.
[20]	Yaro J A.The perception of and adaptation to climate variability/change in Ghana by small-scale and commercial farmers[J]. Regional Environmental Change,2013,13(6):1259-1272.
[21]	李镇清,刘振国,陈佐忠,等. 中国典型草原区气候变化及其对生产力的影响[J]. 草业学报,2003,12(1):4-10.
	[Li Z Q,Liu Z G,Chen Z Z,et al.The effects of climate changes on the productivity in the Inner Mongolia steppe of China[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2003,12(1):4-10.]
[22]	季劲钧,黄玫,刘青. 气候变化对中国中纬度半干旱草原生产力影响机理的模拟研究[J]. 气象学报,2005,63(3):257-266.

基于问卷调查的内蒙古典型草原牧区气候灾害时空格局与应对措施

Spatial-temporal distributions and countermeasures to climate disasters based on pastoral household questionnaires in typical grassland pastoral areas of Inner Mongolia

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 8

参考文献 22

相关文章 9

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

措施	灾中		灾中灾前		灾前		灾后		合计
措施	旱	雪	旱	雪	旱	雪	旱	雪	旱	雪
购买草饲料	55	86	0	12	2	25	10	1	67	127
出售牲畜	31	13	0	3	2	7	6	1	40	25
转场放牧	54	7	0	0	0	1	2	0	56	8
合计	145	115	0	15	7	35	19	4	173	173

[1]	张莉, 刘建杰. 清末民国时期新疆玛纳斯河流域耕地格局重建[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(7): 1428-1437.
[2]	罗君, 石培基, 张学斌. 黄河上游兰西城市群人口时空特征多维透视[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(3): 474-485.
[3]	李东海, 农寿千, 吴庆书, 徐中亮, 杨立荣, 杨小波. 海南西部农村地区的野生辣椒资源[J]. , 2010, 32(8): 1608-1614.
[4]	翁白莎, 严登华. 变化环境下中国干旱综合应对措施探讨[J]. , 2010, 32(2): 309-316.
[5]	娄雪婷, 苏常红, 吴炳方, 徐延达, 曾源, 赵炎. 延河流域阔叶林地上生物量遥感监测及空间分布特征分析[J]. , 2010, 32(11): 2229-2238.
[6]	党丽霞, 洪剑明. 北温带湿地不同退水时间土壤种质资源结构及分布格局[J]. , 2009, 31(7): 1244-1249.
[7]	于信芳, 庄大方. 基于MODIS NDVI数据的东北森林物候期监测[J]. , 2006, 28(4): 111-117.
[8]	崔海山, 何艳芬, 于磊, 张柏, 朱金花. 中国黑土资源分布格局与动态分析[J]. , 2003, 25(3): 64-68.
[9]	于振良, 张娜, 赵士洞. 长白山植被蒸腾量空间变化特征的模拟[J]. , 2001, 23(6): 91-96.