资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 888-899.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.05.08
陈祺琪1,2,3(), 张俊飚2,3(
), 蒋磊2,3, 程琳琳2,3
收稿日期:
2015-04-10
修回日期:
2015-11-05
出版日期:
2016-05-25
发布日期:
2016-05-23
作者简介:
作者简介:陈祺琪,女,河南沈丘人,博士生,研究方向为农业经济理论与政策、农业科技政策。E-mail:
基金资助:
CHEN Qiqi1,2,3(), ZHANG Junbiao2,3(
), JIANG Lei2,3, CHENG Linlin2,3
Received:
2015-04-10
Revised:
2015-11-05
Online:
2016-05-25
Published:
2016-05-23
摘要:
当前农业生产面临新挑战与新机遇,农户人力、自然、物质、金融、社会与心理资产也随之变化。鉴于此,本文以改进的DFID可持续生计分析框架为理论依据,选取23个农户生计资产指标,采用主观实地调研修正权重与客观熵值法确权相结合的方法,对湖北省农户的六维生计资产进行了量化评估及差异性分析。研究发现:①农户生计总资产差异性显著,极差高达5.06倍;农户分维资产分布不均,且差异明显;②纯农户、一兼农户、二兼农户与非农户生计总资产分布不均,且极差较大,但兼业农户的生计总资产高于纯农户;③不同类型农户的分维生计资产优劣不同,人力、社会与心理资产方面,一兼农户与非农户占优;物质资产方面,纯农户与二兼农户具有明显优势;金融资产方面,非农户与二兼农户占优;自然资产方面,一兼农户与纯农户具有明显优势;④不同类型农户的分维心理资产存在明显差异,一兼农户与纯农户的自信指数较高,非农户与一兼农户幸福感指数略高,纯农户与一兼农户能较为直观且客观的对环境感知给出评价,且评价值相近,纯农户与非农户的韧性指数较高,兼业化农户与非农户容易受到风险因素的影响。
陈祺琪, 张俊飚, 蒋磊, 程琳琳. 基于农业环保型技术的农户生计资产评估及差异性分析——以湖北武汉、随州农业废弃物循环利用技术为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(5): 888-899.
CHEN Qiqi,ZHANG Junbiao,JIANG Lei,CHENG Linlin. Assessment and variance analysis on the farmers’ livelihood assets based on the agricultural environmental protection technology:Illustrated by the agricultural waste recycling technology in Wuhan and Suizhou of Hubei Province[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(5): 888-899.
表2
变量的具体含义及权重"
资产类型 | 指标 | 指标含义及赋值 | 调查修正权重 | 熵值法修正权重 | 最终权重 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
人力资产 | 受教育程度 | 1=小学以下,2=小学,3=初中,4=高中/中专,5=大专及以上 | 0.400 0 | 0.486 3 | 0.443 1 |
家庭劳动力数量 | 家庭实际劳动力数量/人 | 0.350 0 | 0.257 4 | 0.303 7 | |
农业生产经验 | 农民实际务农年限/年 | 0.250 0 | 0.256 3 | 0.253 2 | |
自然资产 | 水源 | 村里是否具有河流/水库:0=否,1=是 | 0.300 0 | 0.238 9 | 0.269 4 |
耕地面积 | 2011年家庭总耕地面积/hm2 | 0.400 0 | 0. 488 4 | 0.444 2 | |
土地利用结构 | 0=不种地,1=旱地,2=旱地比重大于水田比重,3=水田比重大于旱地,4=水田 | 0.300 0 | 0.272 8 | 0.286 4 | |
物质资产 | 道路 | 最近公路离家距离/m | 0.200 0 | 0.322 7 | 0.261 3 |
供水 | 生活饮水来源:0=其他,1=地下水,2=地下水与自来水,3=自来水 | 0.100 0 | 0.286 6 | 0.193 3 | |
废弃物处理设施 | 村里是否具有废弃物集中处理设施:0=否,1=是 | 0.250 0 | 0.076 9 | 0.163 4 | |
信息化 | 农户固定电话/手机/有线电视/网络使用情况:0=无,1= 1种,2=2种,3= 3~4种 | 0.250 0 | 0.132 8 | 0.191 4 | |
市场条件 | 距离最近集镇/市场的距离/m | 0.200 0 | 0.181 2 | 0.190 6 | |
金融资产 | 家庭纯收入 | 2011年家庭纯收入/万元 | 0.400 0 | 0.303 9 | 0.351 9 |
家庭非农收入 | 2011年家庭非农收入/万元 | 0.350 0 | 0.507 7 | 0.428 8 | |
技术经济基础 | 具有废弃物循环利用技术的经济条件:1=完全不同意,2=不太同意,3=一般,4=比较同意,5=非常同意 | 0.250 0 | 0.188 4 | 0.219 2 | |
社会资产 | 专业合作组织 | 是否加入农民专业合作社组织:0=否,1=是 | 0.300 0 | 0.613 5 | 0.456 8 |
政府补贴政策 | 政府对农户采用农业废弃物循环利用技术的补贴额度(每月):0=0元,1=1~50元,2=51~100元,3=101元及其以上 | 0.250 0 | 0.068 4 | 0.159 2 | |
公共服务完善程度 | 您周围的垃圾及生活污水是否得到有效的处理:0=否,1=是 | 0.200 0 | 0.279 1 | 0.239 6 | |
信任程度 | 得分(0~8分) | 0.250 0 | 0.039 0 | 0.144 5 | |
心理资产 | 自信指数 | 得分(0~8分) | 0.180 0 | 0.135 1 | 0.157 5 |
幸福感指数 | 得分(0~6分) | 0.220 0 | 0.032 8 | 0.126 4 | |
环境感知指数 | 得分(0~6分) | 0.210 0 | 0.265 1 | 0.237 6 | |
韧性指数 | 得分(0~4分) | 0.190 0 | 0.448 2 | 0.319 1 | |
风险意识 | 有否风险决定我是否对农业废弃物进行循环利用的重要原因:1=完全不同意,2=不太同意,3= 一般,4=比较同意,5=非常同意 | 0.200 0 | 0.118 8 | 0.159 4 |
表3
分组农户生计资产概况"
农户类型 资产类型 | 人力资产 | 自然资产 | 物质资产 | 金融资产 | 社会资产 | 心理资产 | 总资产 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
纯农户 | 最大值 | 0.401 6 | 0.777 9 | 0.889 5 | 0.300 1 | 1.213 0 | 0.460 4 | 2.424 7 |
最小值 | 0.114 2 | 0.078 1 | 0.040 8 | 0.000 0 | 0.020 6 | 0.067 1 | 0.615 8 | |
均值 | 0.255 5 | 0.294 3 | 0.257 6 | 0.088 5 | 0.238 6 | 0.247 3 | 1.381 6 | |
一兼农户 | 最大值 | 0.380 9 | 0.917 6 | 0.461 2 | 0.639 4 | 1.219 9 | 0.414 6 | 3.116 1 |
最小值 | 0.138 9 | 0.121 7 | 0.060 2 | 0.037 0 | 0.013 7 | 0.099 8 | 0.891 4 | |
均值 | 0.267 1 | 0.328 0 | 0.250 0 | 0.201 8 | 0.276 3 | 0.262 9 | 1.586 0 | |
二兼农户 | 最大值 | 0.432 1 | 0.633 6 | 0.580 5 | 1.287 3 | 1.226 7 | 0.453 1 | 3.058 1 |
最小值 | 0.069 4 | 0.051 7 | 0.018 3 | 0.050 3 | 0.013 7 | 0.056 1 | 0.843 8 | |
均值 | 0.248 7 | 0.240 8 | 0.257 5 | 0.291 6 | 0.243 6 | 0.253 0 | 1.535 2 | |
非农户 | 最大值 | 0.493 7 | 0.285 1 | 0.425 2 | 1.125 5 | 1.219 9 | 0.416 2 | 2.936 8 |
最小值 | 0.124 9 | 0.000 0 | 0.066 5 | 0.107 9 | 0.013 7 | 0.116 5 | 0.923 7 | |
均值 | 0.260 7 | 0.151 9 | 0.242 6 | 0.398 5 | 0.295 4 | 0.259 0 | 1.579 0 |
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