美国湿地保护制度变迁研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.04.19

资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 777-789.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.04.19

美国湿地保护制度变迁研究

陈溪¹, Magdeline LABA², Robertson MORGAN³, Barbara COSENS⁴, 王子彦¹, 陈雪⁵, James ANDERSON⁶, Marinus OTTE⁷, Christopher CRAFT⁸, David FELDMAN⁹, 李杨帆¹⁰, 刘晶岚¹¹, Patrick SULLIVAN²(), 吕宪国¹²()

1.大连理工大学人文与社会科学学院,大连 116024
2. 康奈尔大学自然资源系,美国 Ithaca 14853
3. 威斯康辛大学地理系,美国 Madison 53706
4. 爱荷华大学法学院,美国 Moscow 83844
5. 深圳大学管理学院,深圳 518060
6. 西佛吉尼亚大学环境研究中心,美国Morgantown 26506
7. 北达科他州立大学生物科学系,美国 Fago 58108
8. 印第安纳大学布鲁明顿分校公共与环境管理学院,美国Bloomington 47405
9. 加州大学尔湾分校规划系,美国Irvine 92697
10. 厦门大学环境与生态学院,厦门 361005
11. 北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京 100083
12. 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,长春 130102

收稿日期:2015-08-24 修回日期:2015-12-15 出版日期:2016-04-25 发布日期:2016-04-25
作者简介:
作者简介:陈溪,男,湖南湘潭人,博士,主要从事湿地政策、城市发展研究。E-mail:chenxi840615@126.com
基金资助:
国家公派留学基金项目（2011-2013）;康奈尔大学Jeffrey Sean Lehman基金项目（2012-2013）

Study on US wetland protection institution change

CHEN Xi¹, Magdeline LABA², Robertson MORGAN³, Barbara COSENS⁴, WANG Ziyan¹, CHEN Xue⁵, James ANDERSON⁶, Marinus OTTE⁷, Christopher CRAFT⁸, David FELDMAN⁹, LI Yangfan¹⁰, LIU Jinglan¹¹, Patrick SULLIVAN²(), LV Xianguo¹²()

1. School of Humanity and Social Sciences,Dalian Univ. of Technology,Dalian 116024,China
2. Department of Natural Resources,Cornell University,Ithaca 14853, USA
3. Department of Geography,University of Wisconsin,Madison 53706, USA
4. College of Law,University of Idaho,Moscow 83844 , USA
5. School of Management,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen 518060,China
6. Environmental Research Center,West Virginia University,Morgantown 26506,USA
7. Department of Biological Sciences,North Dakota State University,Fago 58108,USA
8. School of Public and Environmental Affairs,Indiana University,Bloomington 47405,USA
9. Department of Planning,University of California,Irvine 92697,USA
10. College of the Environment and Ecology,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China
11. School of Nature Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China
12. Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,China Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,China

Received:2015-08-24 Revised:2015-12-15 Online:2016-04-25 Published:2016-04-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文提出了分析湿地保护制度变迁的理论框架,使不同国家的湿地保护制度研究能在统一语境下比较。首先基于科学计量学和系统研究方法筛选出公众、科学、政府和法律为影响湿地保护制度变迁的四个关键要素,并依赖博弈论工具建立了分析美国湿地保护制度的理论架构。基于这一架构,本文对包括关键利益相关者、政策执行路径、政策工具和管理挑战等内容的美国湿地政策史进行了讨论。对美国湿地保护制度的演化进行了四阶断之划分:“西进运动”与全民开垦（1900年之前）、“水鸟保护”与公众参与（1900-1970年）、核心法律与科学研究（1971-1980年）和完善制度与新的挑战（1980年至今）。分析得出如下结论:在湿地保护制度中,公众是源头、科学是前提、有效的政府管治和将湿地保护的规则和与政策制度化是关键。通过借鉴美国湿地保护制度变迁研究,本文构建了湿地保护制度变迁的“竹节模式”经验性模型,揭示了各动因之间的作用机理。虽然美国湿地保护制度也面临着公众教育、科学定义和政府管辖权等挑战,但中国的湿地管理者与政策制定者仍可从美国湿地政策执行的历史背景中吸取经验。同时本文的理论分析结构也可为自然资源及管理策略的研究提供参考。

关键词: 湿地, 美国, 湿地保护, 制度变迁, 竹节模式

Abstract:

The four key elements of public opinion,science,government and law were used to construct an empirical model built upon Game Theory. This theoretical framework,in which the wetland management policies of different countries can be compared,demonstrates the mechanism by which the four key elements interact to develop environmental policy and protect wetlands. Based on this empirical model,the history of wetland policies in the USA including key stakeholders,policy implementation approaches,policy instruments and management challenges were discussed. Evolution of the institution that protects American wetlands is broken down into four stages:Westward Movement and Reclamation （pre-1900）,Waterfowl Protection and Public Participation （1900-1970）,Core Laws and Scientific Research （1971-1980）and Improved Institutions and New Challenges （1980-present）. Wetland policies originate with public opinions and beliefs,scientific knowledge is a prerequisite for policy implementation and,lastly,effective governmental jurisdiction and institutionalization of wetland protection regulation and policy are critical. Although public education,scientific definition and governmental jurisdiction are challenging,Chinese wetland managers and policy makers can learn from the implementation of USA wetland policies. The analysis outlined in this paper is a template that other natural resource studies can follow when developing natural resource strategies.

Key words: wetlands, USA, wetlands protection, institution change, Bamboo Node Model

陈溪, Magdeline LABA, Robertson MORGAN, Barbara COSENS, 王子彦, 陈雪, James ANDERSON, Marinus OTTE, Christopher CRAFT, David FELDMAN, 李杨帆, 刘晶岚, Patrick SULLIVAN, 吕宪国. 美国湿地保护制度变迁研究[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(4): 777-789.

CHEN Xi,Magdeline LABA,Robertson MORGAN,Barbara COSENS,WANG Ziyan,CHEN Xue,James ANDERSON,Marinus OTTE,Christopher CRAFT,David FELDMAN,LI Yangfan,LIU Jinglan,Patrick SULLIVAN,LV Xianguo. Study on US wetland protection institution change[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(4): 777-789.

图/表 4

图1

表1

湿地开发受益群体和湿地保护受益群体的支付矩阵"

湿地开发受益群体	湿地保护受益群体
湿地开发受益群体	补偿		不补偿
保护	$R + B ′ - (C 1 + C 2) - C s$	$B 1 - R - C s$	$B ′ - (C 1 + C 2) - C s$	$B 1 - F 2$
不保护	$R - F 1$	$B 2 - R - L - C x$	0	$B 2 - L$

表1

图2

图3

参考文献 21

[1]	Vincent C H,Hanson L A,Bjelopera J P. Federal Land Owner-ship:Overview and Data[EB/OL].(2014-12-29)[2015-11-09].
[2]	Bureau of the Census. Statistical Abstract of the United States[M]. Washington D.C.:US Bureau of the Census,1991.
[3]	Chen X,Bain M,Sullivan P J,et al.Wetland loss and research orientation[J]. Challenges,2012,3(2):43-48.
[4]	Chen X,Bain M,Sullivan P J,et al.Bibliometrical study method on tidal freshwater marshes loss and research orientation[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(4):237-240.
[5]	IPCC. 气候变化2013:自然科学基础[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge Press,2013.
	[IPCC. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis[M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,2013.]
[6]	Reichel C,Fromming U U,Glaser M.Conflicts between stakeholder groups affecting the ecology and economy of the Segara Anakan region[J]. Regional Environmental Change,2009,9(4):335-343.
[7]	Gao J,Wang R S,Huang J L.Ecological engineering for traditional Chinese agriculture-A case study of Beitang[J]. Ecological Engineering,2015,76:7-13.
[8]	Kosamu I B M,Groot W T,Kambewa P S,et al. Institutions and ecosystem-based development potentials of the elephant marsh,Malawi[J]. Sustainability,2012,4(12):3326-3345.
[9]	Postigo J C.Perception and resilience of Andean populations facing climate change[J]. Journal of Ethnobiology,2014,34(3):383-400.
[10]	Clare S,Creed I F.Tracking wetland loss to improve evidence-based wetland policy learning and decision making[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management,2014,22(3):235-245.
[11]	Gao Q,Yu M.Discerning fragmentation dynamics of tropical forest and wetland during reforestation,urban sprawl,and policy shifts[J]. Plos One,2014,9(11):e113140-e113140.
[12]	弗兰西斯·福山(著). 毛俊杰(译). 政治秩序的起源[M]. 桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2014.
	[Francis F(Write).Mao J J(Translate). The Origins of Political Order from Prehuman Times to the French Revolution[M]. Guilin:Guangxi Normal University Press,2014.]
[13]	曼瑟·奥尔森(著). 李增刚(译). 国家的兴衰[M]. 上海:上海人民出版社,2014.
	[ Mancur O(Write). Li Z G(Translate). The Rise and Decline of Nations[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai People's Publishing House,2014.]
[14]	Costanza R,Wilson M,Troy M,et al. The Value of New Jersey’s Ecosystem Services and Natural Capital [EB/OL].(2006-07)[2015-08-24].
[15]	Gleason R A,Laubhan M K,Euliss N H,et al.Ecosystem Services Derived from Wetland Conservation Practices in the United States Prairie Pothole Region with an Emphasis on the U.S. Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve and Wetlands Reserve Programs[C]. U.S. Geological Professional Paper,2008.
[16]	International Water Management Institute. Working Wetlands:A New Approach to Balancing Agricultural Development with Environmental Protection [EB/OL]. [2015-08-24]. .
[17]	Leibowitz S G,Wigington P J,Rains M C,et al.Non-navigable streams and adjacent wetlands:Addressing science needs following the Supreme Court's Rapanos decision[J]. Fontiers in ecology and the environment,2008,6(7):366-373.
[18]	Ecke F,Hellsten S,Mjelde M,et al.Potential conflicts between environmental legislation and conservation exemplified by aquatic macrophytes[J]. Hydrobiologia,2010,656(1):107-115.
[19]	Leibowitz S G,Nadeau T L.Isolated wetlands:State-of-the-science and future directions[J]. Wetlands,2003,23(3):663-684.
[20]	Tiner R W.Geographically isolated wetlands of the United States[J]. Wetlands,2003,23(3):494-516.
[21]	USGS. National Water Summary on Wetland Resources[M]. Washington D C:U.S. Government Printing Office,1996.

美国湿地保护制度变迁研究

Study on US wetland protection institution change

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

被引次数

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 4

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	张华兵, 甄艳, 吴菲儿, 李玉凤, 张亚楠. 滨海湿地生境质量演变与互花米草扩张的关系——以江苏盐城国家级珍禽自然保护区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(5): 1004-1014.
[2]	翟俊, 金点点, 陈妍, 刘鑫, 杨栩, 侯鹏, 徐延达. 黄河三角洲高效生态经济区生态变化、问题与对策[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(3): 517-526.
[3]	钱建利, 杨斌, 张贺, 杨瀚文, 郑林昌, 谭昌海, 代辛. 基于立体综合观测的湿地资源观测指标体系构建[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(10): 1921-1931.
[4]	孟阳阳, 何志斌, 刘冰, 陈龙飞, 刘蓓. 干旱区绿洲湿地空间分布及生态系统服务价值变化——以三大典型内陆河流域为例[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(10): 2022-2034.
[5]	袁秀, 孙燕燕, 王计平, 于莉莉. 基于水鸟栖息地恢复的黄河三角洲水资源综合利用策略[J]. 资源科学, 2020, 42(1): 104-114.
[6]	李庆波, 敖长林, 袁伟, 高琴. 基于中国湿地CVM研究的Meta分析[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(8): 1634-1644.
[7]	覃诚, 毕于运, 高春雨, 王亚静, 王红彦, 孙宁. 美国农业焚烧管理对中国秸秆禁烧管理的启示[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(12): 2382-2391.
[8]	杨晓, 刘爱民, 薛莉, 贾盼娜. 主要国家大豆压榨企业布局特征及其成因——以美国、巴西、中国为例[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(10): 1931-1942.
[9]	宫健, 崔育倩, 谢文霞, 张艳. 滨海湿地CH₄排放的研究进展[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 173-184.
[10]	孙博, 段伟, 丁慧敏, 冯彦, 温亚利. 基于选择实验法的湿地保护区农户生态补偿偏好分析——以陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区周边社区为例[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(9): 1792-1800.
[11]	孙宝娣, 崔丽娟, 李伟, 康晓明, 张曼胤, 潘旭, 平云梅. 基于费用区间法的辽宁省滨海湿地休闲旅游价值评估[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(6): 1160-1170.
[12]	高琴, 敖长林, 毛碧琦, 卢雨萱. 基于计划行为理论的湿地生态系统服务支付意愿及影响因素分析[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(5): 893-901.
[13]	潘佳, 汪劲. 中国湿地保护立法的现状、问题与完善对策[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(4): 795-804.
[14]	周林飞, 姚雪, 芦晓峰. 基于相容粗糙集的BP神经网络湿地覆被信息提取——以双台子河口湿地为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(8): 1538-1549.
[15]	敖长林, 董育宁, 焦扬, 张昆, 董利娜. 基于双栏模型的三江平原湿地生态保护价值评估[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(5): 929-938.