资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 645-657.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.04.07
收稿日期:
2015-02-02
修回日期:
2015-12-04
出版日期:
2016-04-25
发布日期:
2016-04-25
作者简介:
作者简介:李荣杰,男,河北鹿泉人,博士,研究方向为人力资本与经济低碳转型。E-mail:
基金资助:
LI Rongjie(), ZHANG Lei, ZHAO Lingdi(
)
Received:
2015-02-02
Revised:
2015-12-04
Online:
2016-04-25
Published:
2016-04-25
摘要:
提高碳生产率成为实现二氧化碳减排与经济可持续增长双赢目标的重要途径。本文将能源和人力资本引入C-D生产函数推导碳生产率决定方程,使用省级面板数据检验清洁能源使用与要素配置结构的碳生产率效应。结果显示:在全国层面,清洁能源使用对于碳生产率的改善效应业已显现,且在清洁能源发展不同水平地区存在不容忽视的差异;要素配置结构是影响碳生产率的重要因素,资本-能源比和劳动-能源比的提高将有利于碳生产率增长,近年来中国劳动-能源比持续下降对碳生产率造成的不利影响需引起重视;教育水平提升促进了碳生产率增长,但其贡献程度较小;“干中学”并未如理论预期对碳生产率增长产生正向影响。本文研究意味着逐步扩大清洁能源使用规模、审慎调控要素配置结构是保证碳生产率持续增长的重要手段。
李荣杰, 张磊, 赵领娣. 中国清洁能源使用、要素配置结构与碳生产率增长——基于引入能源和人力资本的生产函数[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(4): 645-657.
LI Rongjie,ZHANG Lei,ZHAO Lingdi. China's clean energy use,factor allocation structure and carbon productivity growth based on production function with energy and human capital[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(4): 645-657.
表1
面板数据稳健性检验结果"
基准模型 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
检验内容(方法) | 统计量 | 结果 | 统计量 | 结果 | 统计量 | 结果 |
组间异方差(Modified wald test) | chi2 (29)=5 207.69 | 存在 | chi2 (29)=2 005.07 | 存在 | chi2 (29)=4 856.84 | 存在 |
p=0.000 0 | p=0.000 0 | p=0.000 0 | ||||
组内自相关(Wooldridge test) | F(1,28)=6.302 | 存在 | F(1,28)=7.369 | 存在 | F(1,28)=6.980 | 存在 |
p=0.018 1 | p=0.011 2 | p=0.013 3 | ||||
组间截面相关(Frees'test) | Frees'test=2.352 | 存在 | Frees'test=1.405 | 存在 | Frees'test=1.434 | 存在 |
10%临界值 5%临界值 1%临界值 | 0.255 9 0.342 9 0.519 8 | 0.255 9 0.342 9 0.519 8 | 0.255 9 0.342 9 0.519 8 |
表2
总体回归结果"
变量 | 基准模型 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
FE | DK-FE | FE | DK-FE | FE | DK-FE | |
T | 0.0444 0*** | 0.044 4*** | 0.068 5*** | 0.068 5*** | 0.061 0*** | 0.061 0*** |
(0.005 8) | (0.003 3) | (0.008 9) | (0.004 8) | (0.010 2) | (0.010 0) | |
γ | 0.826 0*** | 0.826 0*** | 0.725 0*** | 0.725 0*** | 0.842 0*** | 0.842 0*** |
(0.181 0) | (0.129 0) | (0.175 0) | (0.097 0) | (0.181 0) | (0.113 0) | |
lnFES | -0.433 0*** | -0.433 0*** | -0.431 0*** | -0.431 0*** | -0.395 0*** | -0.395 0*** |
(0.051 3) | (0.063 1) | (0.049 3) | (0.055 2) | (0.051 7) | (0.056 4) | |
ln(K/E) | 0.153 0*** | 0.153 0*** | 0.582 0*** | 0.582 0*** | 0.567 0*** | 0.567 0*** |
(0.045 2) | (0.042 9) | (0.113 0) | (0.064 4) | (0.114 0) | (0.085 8) | |
ln(L/E) | 0.437 0*** | 0.437 0*** | 0.105 0 | 0.105 0 | 0.106 0 | 0.106 0 |
(0.062 8) | (0.086 9) | (0.099 0) | (0.111 0) | (0.100 0) | (0.094 8) | |
lnLBD | -0.506 0*** | -0.506 0*** | -0.471 0*** | -0.471 0*** | ||
(0.120 0) | (0.068 9) | (0.126 0) | (0.097 7) | |||
AEDU | 0.025 1* | 0.025 1* | 0.027 8* | 0.027 8* | ||
(0.013 8) | (0.013 7) | (0.014 4) | (0.013 0) | |||
lnERI | -0.004 7 | -0.004 7 | ||||
(0.011 5) | (0.006 7) | |||||
lnESR | -0.079 1** | -0.079 1** | ||||
(0.033 7) | (0.030 8) | |||||
lnSIP | 0.045 2 | 0.045 2 | ||||
(0.097 6) | (0.071 6) | |||||
lnPFDI | -0.002 8 | -0.002 8 | ||||
(0.011 5) | (0.007 1) | |||||
Constant | -0.765 0*** | -0.765 0*** | 2.905 0*** | 2.905 0*** | 2.586 0** | 2.586 0** |
(0.091 0) | (0.169 0) | (0.948 0) | (0.553 0) | (1.026 0) | (0.908 0) | |
Hausmantest | 16.410 0 | 16.410 0 | 48.510 0 | 48.510 0 | 49.550 0 | 49.550 0 |
(0.002 5) | (0.002 5) | (0.000 0) | (0.000 0) | (0.000 0) | (0.000 0) | |
Provinces | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 | 29 |
Observations | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 | 290 |
表3
依据清洁能源发展水平分组回归结果"
清洁能源发展水平 较高地区 | 清洁能源发展水平 较低地区 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
变量 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 |
T | 0.069 5*** | 0.068 0*** | 0.070 6*** | 0.060 9*** |
(0.008 2) | (0.018 7) | (0.006 8) | (0.012 9) | |
γ | 0.828 0*** | 1.103 0*** | 0.080 0 | 0.047 0 |
(0.162 0) | (0.106 0) | (0.314 0) | (0.279 0) | |
lnFES | -0.455 0*** | -0.528 0*** | -0.381 0*** | -0.350 0*** |
(0.115 0) | (0.104 0) | (0.067 0) | (0.058 0) | |
ln(K/E) | 0.544 0** | 0.576 0*** | 0.519 0*** | 0.465 0** |
(0.193 0) | (0.173 0) | (0.109 0) | (0.176 0) | |
ln(L/E) | 0.120 0 | 0.009 0 | 0.213 0** | 0.272 0*** |
(0.168 0) | (0.181 0) | (0.074 0) | (0.059 0) | |
lnLBD | -0.555 0*** | -0.621 0*** | -0.416 0*** | -0.320 0* |
(0.159 0) | (0.162 0) | (0.077 5) | (0.162 0) | |
AEDU | 0.073 8* | 0.053 0** | -0.001 2 | 0.006 5 |
(0.036 5) | (0.021 1) | (0.011 8) | (0.013 1) | |
lnERI | -0.034 7 | 0.005 0 | ||
(0.019 5) | (0.007 5) | |||
lnESR | -0.116 0* | -0.077 0** | ||
(0.056 3) | (0.033 0) | |||
lnSIP | -0.159 0 | 0.058 0 | ||
(0.164 0) | (0.083 1) | |||
lnPFDI | -0.024 2 | -0.003 0 | ||
(0.036 0) | (0.020 0) | |||
Constant | 2.906 0* | 3.113 0** | 2.511 0*** | 1.751 0 |
(1.458 0) | (1.289 0) | (0.768 0) | (1.506 0) | |
Provinces | 10 | 10 | 19 | 19 |
Observations | 100 | 100 | 190 | 190 |
表4
分区域回归结果"
东部 | 中部 | 西部 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
变量 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 | 改进模型 | 扩展模型 |
T | 0.064 9*** | 0.050 3*** | 0.063 9 | 0.085 6 | 0.063 0*** | 0.062 6*** |
(0.005 3) | (0.006 7) | (0.054 3) | (0.074 4) | (0.013 7) | (0.015 4) | |
γ | 0.665 0** | 0.130 0 | 0.810 0*** | 0.775 0** | 0.780 0*** | 0.799 0*** |
(0.216 0) | (0.323 0) | (0.225 0) | (0.266 0) | (0.165 0) | (0.127 0) | |
lnFES | -0.312 0*** | -0.311 0*** | -0.449 0** | -0.429 0** | -0.465 0*** | -0.363 0* |
(0.039 3) | (0.038 5) | (0.179 0) | (0.179 0) | (0.135 0) | (0.174 0) | |
ln(K/E) | 0.340 0** | 0.151 0 | 1.041 0 | 0.815 0 | 0.556 0** | 0.578 0*** |
(0.147 0) | (0.178 0) | (0.643 0) | (0.715 0) | (0.191 0) | (0.173 0) | |
ln(L/E) | 0.385 0*** | 0.384 0*** | -0.300 0 | -0.002 0 | -0.076 0 | -0.059 0 |
(0.053 0) | (0.051 0) | (0.457 0) | (0.416 0) | (0.180 0) | (0.179 0) | |
lnLBD | -0.239 0* | -0.050 0 | -0.851 0 | -0.731 0 | -0.591 0*** | -0.583 0*** |
(0.111 0) | (0.126 0) | (0.746 0) | (0.900 0) | (0.155 0) | (0.155 0) | |
AEDU | 0.021 3 | 0.022 1* | 0.013 0 | -0.030 1 | 0.038 2* | 0.041 0 |
(0.011 8) | (0.011 8) | (0.039 9) | (0.047 4) | (0.020 6) | (0.024 8) | |
lnERI | -0.002 0 | -0.025 4 | 0.018 0 | |||
(0.004 72) | (0.018 7) | (0.011 5) | ||||
lnESR | -0.027 0 | 0.108 0 | -0.170 0 | |||
(0.030 0) | (0.132 0) | (0.122 0) | ||||
lnSIP | -0.418 0*** | 0.190 0 | 0.141 0 | |||
(0.095 0) | (0.126 0) | (0.249 0) | ||||
lnPFDI | 0.052 6** | -0.038 1 | -0.004 8 | |||
(0.016 4) | (0.023 1) | (0.009 3) | ||||
Constant | 1.394 0 | -0.473 0 | 5.863 0 | 5.296 0 | 2.690 0* | 2.774 0** |
(0.864 0) | (1.075 0) | (6.255 0) | (7.651 0) | (1.289 0) | (1.215 0) | |
Provinces | 11 | 11 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 |
Observations | 110 | 110 | 80 | 80 | 100 | 100 |
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