农场规模,劳动力投入量与技术效率及其相关性问题研究

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.03.10

资源科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 476-484.doi: 10.18402/resci.2016.03.10

农场规模,劳动力投入量与技术效率及其相关性问题研究

王晓兵¹(), 许迪^1,², 张砚杰³, 杨军⁴

1.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所农业政策研究中心,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
3. 转轨经济农业发展研究所,德国哈勒 06120
4. 对外经济贸易大学国际经济贸易学院,北京100029

收稿日期:2015-05-18 修回日期:2015-12-29 出版日期:2016-03-25 发布日期:2016-03-21
作者简介:
作者简介:王晓兵,女,河北冀州人,副研究员,主要研究方向为劳动力市场与农业政策等.E-mail:xbwang.ccap@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(71373255;71173204);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所优秀青年人才基金项目(2012RC102)

The relevance of farm scale,labor inputs and technical efficiency

WANG Xiaobing¹(), XU Di^1,², ZHANG Yanjie³, YANG Jun⁴

1. Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China
3. Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Development in Transition Economies,Halle 06120,Germany
4. School of International Trade and Economics,University of International Business and Economics,Beijing 100029,China

Received:2015-05-18 Revised:2015-12-29 Online:2016-03-25 Published:2016-03-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

水稻是中国最重要的口粮作物,其生产变化直接关乎国家粮食安全.本文利用1984-2012年早籼稻,中籼稻,晚籼稻和粳稻4种水稻生产的省级面板数据,采用随机前沿生产函数方法,本文估计各种要素投入对水稻产出的贡献,并进一步分析机械使用和劳动力投入之间的替代关系,农场规模对水稻生产和技术效率的影响.研究结果表明:劳动力投入与机械使用投入呈现出显著的相互替代关系,随着农场规模的扩大,劳动力投入量相对降低,技术效率提高.在未来中国经济继续保持较快增长,城镇化进程加快的背景下,推进机械化和规模化经营对水稻增产具有极为重要的作用.

关键词: 水稻产出, 机械化, 劳动力工资, 农场规模, 中国

Abstract:

As the most important grain crop in China,rice production is vital to livelihoods and national food security. The level of agricultural mechanization is rising and at the same time the rural labor supply keeps decreasing. Within this context,the overall goal of this paper was to analyze the correlation between labor wages and rice mechanization. We set up datasets based on provincial panel data of early indica rice,medium indica rice,late indica rice and japonica rice from 1984 to 2012. Using the stochastic frontier production function,we estimated the contribution of different factors to rice production. We then analyzed the substitutional relationship between the use of machinery and labor. We found a negative correlation between the use of machinery and labor in rice production. The use of machinery and labor is significant to rice production. The output elasticity of labor is more than fifty percent for all the four kinds of rice. When the input of machinery increases by 1%,the output will be increased by 0.23% to 0.33%. With farm size expansion,the labor force input reduces relatively and technical efficiency improves. Thus,mechanized production will play a core role in China's rice production in the future. Policy implications have been provided at the end of this paper. Under the background of increasing China's economy and urbanization,we recommend the continued promotion of mechanization production.

Key words: rice production, mechanization, labor wage, farm size, China

王晓兵, 许迪, 张砚杰, 杨军. 农场规模,劳动力投入量与技术效率及其相关性问题研究[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(3): 476-484.

WANG Xiaobing,XU Di,ZHANG Yanjie,YANG Jun. The relevance of farm scale,labor inputs and technical efficiency[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(3): 476-484.

图/表 5

图1

图2

图3

表1

表2

随机前沿生产函数参数估计结果"

	早籼稻	中籼稻	晚籼稻	粳稻
前沿函数参数估计结果:
Labor	0.662 4***	0.674 9***	0.559 9***	0.507 8***
	(14.21)	(11.45)	(7.23)	(17.77)
Chemical fertilizer	0.000 5	0.082 3	0.205 5*	0.250 8***
	(0.01)	(1.26)	(1.87)	(6.92)
Machine	0.328 6***	0.231 9***	0.230 4***	0.230 8***
	(7.81)	(9.21)	(5.44)	(9.23)
Time	0.008 4***	0.011 0*	0.004 2**	0.010 6***
	(4.66)	(1.67)	(2.47)	(5.64)
Time²	0.000 3	-0.000 6**	0.000 5**	0.000 1
	(1.35)	(2.52)	(2.38)	(0.28)
Labor $×$ farm size	-0.066 6***	-0.084 6***	-0.098 3***	-0.021 1***
	(8.65)	(11.44)	(7.45)	(9.72)
Machine $×$ farm size	-0.044 4***	-0.032 7***	-0.043 6***	-0.013 7***
	(6.49)	(6.05)	(5.64)	(7.99)
Fertilizer $×$ farm size	0.008 6	-0.007 0	-0.022 6	-0.010 0***
	(0.67)	(1.27)	(1.25)	(3.85)
Labor²	-0.030 4	0.272 3*	-0.186 0	0.068 6
	(0.14)	(1.90)	(1.03)	(0.67)
Machine²	0.039 6	0.089 3	-0.085 9	0.046 5***
	(1.46)	(1.63)	(1.15)	(4.84)
Chemical fertilizer²	-0.210 8***	-0.020 9	-0.116 2**	0.051 6
	(3.85)	(0.51)	(2.39)	(1.53)
Labor $×$ machine	-0.149 2**	0.139 2***	-0.334 3***	-0.093 0*
	(2.09)	(2.76)	(2.87)	(1.78)
Labor $×$ Chemical fertilizer	-0.263 7***	0.007 0	-0.189 4**	0.070 5*
	(2.80)	(0.10)	(2.14)	(1.65)
Machine $×$ Chemical fertilizer	-0.064 1	0.046 3	-0.104 3**	-0.025 6
	(1.62)	(0.84)	(1.98)	(0.70)
Constant	0.358 0	3.780 6	-4.521 3*	-3.110 5***
	(0.02)	(0.78)	(1.73)	(2.78)
技术无效率模型参数估计结果:
Farm size	0.070 2	-0.908 9**	-0.323 2	-0.110 4
	(0.08)	(2.13)	(1.29)	(1.22)
Education attainment	-45.393 1	-55.735 0	23.281 4	10.968 9**
	(0.47)	(1.34)	(1.63)	(2.22)
Time	0.033 8	0.090 4	-0.247 6***	-0.155 9***
	(0.15)	(0.64)	(3.06)	(5.08)
Constant	-5.787 3***	-5.629 2***	-6.510 2***	-5.703 8***
	(43.13)	(29.13)	(39.29)	(37.36)
Province dummy	是	是	是	是
Wald chi²(13)	684e+04	491e+04	922e+04	780e+04
Log likelihood	357.149 8	334.249 1	343.461 1	398.620 6
#Observations	261	269	230	434
假设检验结果(Wald检验):
模型中不放入化肥投入
$χ 2$	$χ 2$ (5)=20.27	$χ 2$ (5)=26.13
P-value	0.001 1	0.000 1

表2

参考文献 15

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	早籼稻	中籼稻	晚籼稻	粳稻
单产/(kg/亩)	378.02 (37.41)	463.25 (49.53)	377.94 (57.97)	463.32 (76.72)
劳动力投入/(天/亩)	14.72 (5.47)	17.46 (7.45)	13.82 (4.92)	16.16 (7.93)
机械支出/(元/亩)(2000年不变价格)	38.76 (33.48)	33.04 (29.14)	42.65 (34.77)	50.39 (36.02)
化肥/(kg/亩)	22.77 (11.18)	49.10 (13.80)	21.41 (7.18)	24.24 (9.17)
时间/年	14.77 (8.50)	15.81 (8.47)	16.22 (7.95)	14.70 (8.06)
农场规模/(亩/户)	5.56 (1.70)	6.14 (2.20)	5.49 (1.59)	11.42 (9.42)
高中以上(含)农村劳动力占全部劳动力的比例/%	11.90 (4.14)	10.30 (4.46)	12.36 (4.05)	12.08 (4.97)
观察值	261.00	269.00	230.00	434.00

农场规模,劳动力投入量与技术效率及其相关性问题研究

The relevance of farm scale,labor inputs and technical efficiency

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