基于土地规模经营条件评价的村域生产空间格局厘定----以重庆市合川区大柱村为例

doi:10.18402/resci.2016.03.02

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新型农业经营主体入驻形成的生产空间格局既可发挥村落资源禀赋能力,保障农民就地就业,又能促使村域生产空间集约高效目标实现.以整村推进示范村重庆市合川区大柱村为研究对象,构建以自然,区位,设施,劳动力,流转等为限制性条件的土地规模经营条件评价指标体系,利用自然断裂法(Jenks)对耕地图斑进行5级分类,以集中连片为划分原则,以充分利用村域资源禀赋为目标,将大柱村生产空间厘定为四个区域:优势区,良好区,中等区,较差区,相应提炼出农业企业示范区,农业企业发展区,专业大户集聚区和特色家庭农场区的新型农业经营主体入驻格局,为充分发挥西南丘陵山区村域资源禀赋,开展适度规模经营,引导生产空间重构提供理论指导与实践借鉴.

关键词: 土地规模经营条件评价, 生产空间格局, 厘定, 新型农业经营主体, 大柱村, 重庆

Abstract:

The patterns of production space formed by the new main bodies of agricultural management can play the ability of resource endowment of villages,guarantee farmers employ locally,and promote the intensive and efficient target of production space of villages to complete. Here,we take the Dazhu Village in Hechuan District,Chongqing as a case study and build an index system of evaluation about natural conditions,location conditions,facilities conditions,labor force conditions and circulation conditions (restrictive conditions). Then,we use the method of natural fracture(Jenks)to reclassify the evaluation results of arable land to 5-grade. Based on the spatial distribution of the above grading results,with concentration and continuity as the classification principles,we redefine the patterns of production space for Dazhu Village into four areas (advantage area,good area,middle area and poor area) and extract four patterns formed by the new main bodies of agricultural management (e.g. demonstration area of agricultural enterprise,the development area of agricultural enterprise,the gathering area of professional investors and the family farm area with features). These results can provide theoretical guidance and practical reference regarding the aspects of resource endowment using of villages in hilly and mountain areas,moderate scale management,and the reconstruction of production spaces in villages.

Key words: evaluation of land scale operation conditions, patterns of production space, redefinition, new main bodies of agricultural management, Dazhu Village, Chongqing

万群, 王成, 杜相佐. 基于土地规模经营条件评价的村域生产空间格局厘定----以重庆市合川区大柱村为例[J]. 资源科学, 2016, 38(3): 387-394.

WAN Qun,WANG Cheng,DU Xiangzuo. Redefinition of patterns of production space on village scale based on evaluation of the land scale operation conditions for Dazhu Village,Chongqing[J]. Resources Science, 2016, 38(3): 387-394.

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农户类型	样本量	划分标准
农业专业化发展型	226	自然资产产值大于0.40,其他各项资产产值远高于平均值
农业多样化发展型	200	自然资产产值在0.25~0.40之间,其他各项资产产值较低
兼业化发展型	266	自然资产产值在0.10~0.25之间,其他各项资产产值处于平均水平
非农多样化发展型	194	自然资产产值小于0.10,其他各项资产产值高于平均值
非农专业化发展型	173	自然资产产值为0,其他各项资产产值较高,或者社会资产产值高于0.80

评价指标	具体评价指标	权重	指标内涵
自然	图斑面积/m²	0.047 7	耕地图斑的面积
	平均地形位指数	0.103 1	耕地图斑地形位指数的平均值^[21]
	分维度指数	0.067 1	描述耕地图斑的形状,指数值越大,图斑形状越复杂,越不利于土地规模经营^[11,12]
	粮食单产/(kg/m²)	0.114 8	耕地图斑单位播种面积的粮食产量
区位	距城镇距离/m	0.060 0	距离所在镇中心位置的直线距离
	距中心村距离/m	0.110 5	距离中心村中心位置的直线距离
	距主干道路距离/m	0.063 7	距离最近主干道路的直线距离
设施	路网密度/(m/m²)	0.096 7	耕地图斑周围250m^[21]内宽0.8m及以上的道路总长度与该区域面积的比值
	沟渠密度/(m/m²)	0.095 4	耕地图斑周围250m内可供灌溉的沟渠总长度与该区域面积的比值
劳动力	技术劳动力数量/人	0.067 6	耕地图斑周围250m内的农业技术劳动力(村域内文化水平较高,接受新事物能力较强,具有一定农业生产技术的青壮年劳动力,经培训后可转化为土地规模经营中的技术人员)数量
	普通劳动力数量/人	0.027 9	耕地图斑周围250m内的普通农业劳动力(村域内除农业技术劳动力之外的劳动力,仅能从事普通的农业生产)数量
流转	承包农户流转意愿	0.087 4	承包农户对耕地图斑的流转意愿:愿意流转的耕地面积/耕地图斑面积
	农业收入比重/%	0.058 1	耕地图斑所有承包农户的农业收入与其总收入的比值